布朗扩散对颗粒床过滤的影响

在实验的基础上 ,得到了计算单个颗粒扩散收集效率的经验方程式。结果表明 ,气溶胶粒子的粒径越小 ,布朗扩散越显著 ;气体流速的增加不利于粒子的扩散沉积 ;过滤介质的粒径越小 ,粒子的扩散沉积效应越高 ,穿透率也就越低。     

改性核桃壳滤料对油田含油污水的过滤效果

采用亚硫酸氢镁蒸煮法对核桃壳滤料进行亲水改性,考察了改性核桃壳滤料对油田含油污水的过滤、反洗效果,探讨了改性前后核桃壳滤料的过滤过程及乳化油捕集机理。实验结果表明:在蒸煮温度为95℃、蒸煮时间为5 h、w(MgHSO_3)为5%的条件下,核桃壳滤料接触角由改性前的117.1°降至62.4°;分4批次过滤含油污水,改性核桃壳滤料的平均出水含油量为32.3 mg/L,平均油去除率为78.5%,平均浊度为7.7 NTU,平均浊度去除率为89.7%;改性核桃壳滤料的反洗效果显著改善,反洗水含油量由520 mg/L提高到840 mg/L,核桃壳滤料增重率由4.3%下降到0.2%。     

构建湿地堵塞问题的研究

研究了复合垂直流构建湿地(IVCW)中与填料堵塞相关的填料粒径、渗透性能、有机质含量等因素的变化.经过颗粒分析得知填料粒径在2～5mm间,运用自制的砂样管对填料进行原位采样,渗透试验结果表明IVCW填料层的渗透系数随填料深度的增加而增加.IVCW填料各层中,渗透系数最小值存在于表层以下15～30cm处.IVCW系统运行52个月后,仅填料表面至15cm深处有少量有机质存在,15cm深度以下有机质含量极少,表明IVCW系统运行稳定,未出现堵塞现象.文中通过分析填料堵塞的影响因素提出相应的预防措施和对策.     

Lead removal from water using organic acrylic amine fiber (AAF) and inorganic-organic P-AAF, fixed bed filtration and surface-induced precipitation

Granular porous sorbents were normally used for heavy metals removal from water. To search for the new commercial sorbent and treatment strategy, an organic acrylic amine fiber (AAF) and phosphorus loading inorganic-organic AAF (P-AAF) were prepared and used for lead (Pb) removal from water. A new strategy of inorganic-organic coupling technology was proposed for Pb removal, based on the hypothesis of surface-induced precipitation mechanism. The AAF showed a Pb adsorption capacity of 417 mg/g from the Langmuir fitting, while the column filtration technology was further applied to measure the adsorption edge and applications. Effects of different initial Pb concentrations, hydraulic retention time, and co-existing P were considered in the filtration experiments. The presence of 0.8 mg/L P in water significantly improved the Pb breakthrough point from 15,000 to 41,000 bed volumes of water spiked with 85 µg/L Pb, while the P-AAF fixed bed showed better removal of Pb than AAF SEM/EDX and XRD spectra were employed for determining the surface functional groups and the formation of surface-induced precipitation of pyromorphite (Pb₅(PO₄)₃OH) on AAF. This study verified the application of AAF sorbent for Pb removal and the enhanced effect of coating P on AAF, thus improved our fundamental understanding and application of the surface chemistry process of Pb with P.     

Evaluation of fungal potentiality for bioconversion of domestic wastewater sludge

This study was undertaken to screen the filamentous fungi isolated from its relevant habitats (wastewater, sewage sludge and sludge cake) for the bioconversion of domestic wastewater sludge. A total of 35 fungal strains were tested against wastewater sludge (total suspended solids, TSS 1%-5% w/w) to evaluate its potentiality for enhancing the biodegradability and dewaterability using liquid state bioconversion(LSB) process. The strains were divided into five groups i. e. Penicillium, Aspergillus, Trichoderma, Basidiomycete and Miscellaneous, respectively. The strains WWZP1003, SCahmA103, SCahmT105 and PC-9 among their respective groups of Penicillium,Aspergillus, Trichoderma and Basidiomycete played potential roles in terms of separation (formation of pellets/flocs/filaments),biodegradation(removal of COD) and filtration(filterability) of treated domestic wastewater sludge. The Miscellaneous group was not considered due to its unsatisfactory results as compared to the other groups. The pH value was also influenced by the microbial treatment during fermentation process. The filterability of treated sludge was improved by fungal treatment, and lowest filtration time was recorded for the strain WWZP1003 and SCahmA103 of Penicillium and Aspergillus groups respectively compared with other strains.     

大连港专用矿石码头污水处理工程设计

采用沉砂、序批调节沉淀及浅层介质过滤的物化组合方式处理大连港专用矿石码头洗矿污水,介绍了各处理构筑物、运行参数.运行结果表明,用该法处理洗矿污水,其出水水质可达<生活杂用水水质标准>(CJ25.1-89)中绿化用水标准(其中悬浮物不大于10 mg/L).     

颗粒床过滤中的惯性碰撞效应研究

在实验的基础上,得到了计算单个颗粒惯性碰撞收集效率的经验方程式。结果表明,气溶胶粒子的粒径越大,惯性碰撞越显著;气体流速的增加有利于粒子的惯性沉积;沙介质的粒径越小,气溶胶粒子的惯性碰撞效应越高,穿透率也就越低。     

改性纤维球在油田污水处理中的应用

纤维球过滤可充分发挥出滤料深层的截污能力。介绍了改性纤维球滤料的技术要求,在使用过程中主要存在的几个问题,改性纤维球过滤器的结构及特点,在油田污水处理中的现场应用情况。试验证明,经50%互溶剂+2%表面活性剂+2%烧碱清洗后,改性纤维球滤料颜色变为灰白,纤维之间松散,不存在粘结现象,清洗较为彻底。     

辽河油田稠油泥砂综合处理工艺的研究*

稠油污泥作为含油污泥的典型代表,其成分极为复杂、处理难度极大,由于目前国内外尚无成熟工艺可完全实现其"减量化、资源化、无害化处理",给油田生产和环境保护带来了严重影响。文章分析了稠油污泥的组成及性质,根据稠油污泥来源不同实施分类预处理,利用热风干化技术将其减量,经热解气化焚烧和热能利用,为实现含油污泥无害化处理进行了有益探索。