水泥窑协同处置危废生产熟料的性能研究

取自华新水泥厂协同处理危废生产的水泥熟料,掺入5％的石膏进行球磨使比表面积达到350±10m^2／kg制备熟料样品,测定和分析了样品的矿物和化学成分以及其砂浆成型后的物理性能和浸出毒性。结果表明：熟料样品的矿物成分主要有硅酸三钙、硅酸二钙、铝酸三钙、铁铝酸四钙和石膏,并且凝结时间正常,强度达到52．5等级以上,对重金属有很好的固化作用,浸出毒性均远低于国标的限值。水泥窑协同处置危废对缓解生态环境的压力有很好的发展前景。     

中美地热能资源管理比较探析

地热资源作为一种清洁能源在欧美国家已经普遍获得立法肯定,并建立起了较为成熟的法律规则。美国在地热资源的界定、地热财税制度、国有资源的保护等方面进行的立法探索,为中国当前的地热资源开发提供了良好的制度借鉴。在欧美国家的实践基础上,中国资源立法可以籍此完善国有资源的产权结构,构建起科学的地热资源用益机制。     

火灾下钢框架结构热-力耦合模拟与性能分析

基于"自然火灾安全概念"(NFSC)的基本思想,提出了火灾下钢结构热-力耦合模拟方法。利用ANSYS的参数化设计语言,建立了ANSYS软件与OZone火灾分析软件的数据接口,实现了火灾分析软件与大型有限元软件的耦合运用。基于火灾模拟软件OZone的分析结果,利用APDL语言,对钢框架结构进行了真实火灾场景下的热-力耦合模拟。研究表明:钢框架结构在真实火灾场景下,受非均匀变热流影响,结构内部将产生热应力梯度和应力牵移现象;同时钢框架中钢梁固接时,火灾初期变形较小,当达到某个关键时间点后将开始大的变形破坏,其主要原因是钢框架内部产生塑性铰,即钢梁由固接变为铰接,释放了对钢梁的约束。     

Non-UV based germicidal activity of metal-doped TiO2 coating on solid surfaces

A stain-based screening method was developed to screen different catalyst coatings for their germicidal activity. A Baclight dead/live bacteria viability kit （invitrogen, molecular probes） was used for staining the cell. The screening was carried out following a standard procedure. This included loading cell suspension to solid surface and maintaining contact for 30 min, then staining with a mixture containing dyes. The stained cells were observed using an epifluorescent microscope and photographed with a CCD camera under UV. Metal-doped TiO2 coatings on AI plates were prepared and tested for non-UV germicidal activity without using UV. It was tested using model microorganisms such as Bakers Yeast （Saccharomyces cerevisiae）, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas putida, and Escherichia coli. On the basis of the germicidal activity of catalyst and the degree of damage caused to the cells, the stained cells may appear green （viable）, green with red or yellow nuclei and yellow （compromised） or red （nonviable）. According to their stained color, cells were counted to calculate the percentage of dead, live, and compromised cells. Compromised cells are cells that grow very slowly after reculturing indicating a degree of reversible cell damage. Screening the germicidal activity using this staining method is accurate and efficient, and requires less time than the culture-based method. A modification to the procedure for measuring germicidal activity of rough surfaces or fibrous coatings was developed. Both TiO2 and metal-doped TiO2 （Ag, Pt, Au, Cu） possess non-UV based germicidal activity. The germicidal activity of TiO2 was found to be related with its wetting property and can be improved by UV irradiation before testing. It is not greatly affected by contact time, indicating a fast acting germicidal activity.     

人类活动对川东平行岭谷区岩溶地下水化学性质季节变化的影响

以川东平行岭谷区典型岩溶槽谷--北碚槽上为研究区域,通过对8月和11月的岩溶地下水水化学性质研究,发现槽上岩溶地下水的化学性质呈现明显的季节性：电导率、矿化度、SO42-浓度及HCO3-浓度都是8月大于11月,与气温和降水量的变化相对应,也与人类在8月份对土地利用的强度大于在11月份对土地利用的强度相对应。研究区地下水的化学性质与人类活动对土地利用的季节差异具有比较明显的对应关系,为进一步认识岩溶地下水的时间变化规律提供科学数据,也有利于认识人类活动对生态环境产生的影响,从而采取更加合理的措施来治理和保护岩溶地区有限的地下水资源,满足人们的生活和生产需要。     

万山汞矿区稻田土壤甲基汞的分布特征及其影响因素分析

运用等温气相色谱冷原子荧光技术(GC-CVAFS)对贵州万山汞矿区主要河流范围内稻田土壤甲基汞(MeHg)等含量进行了测定,并从区域层面对土壤甲基汞(MeHg)的分布特征及影响因素进行了研究。结果表明:万山汞矿区稻田土壤MeHg和总汞(THg)含量范围分别为0.72~6.70ng/g和0.49~188.00μg/g,甲基化率范围为0.002%~0.470%;在水平空间分布上,6个检测区域的土壤MeHg含量均随着远离汞矿核心区而降低,但是不同区域之间的降低变化程度不尽相同。通过对稻田土壤SiO2、Al2O3、Fe2O3、TS、TP、TN、有机质、pH等土壤性质与土壤MeHg以及甲基化率进行相关性分析发现,MeHg与THg、TS、TP、TN、有机质存在显著的正相关关系,与SiO2表现出显著性负相关,表明土壤甲基汞不但和总汞含量有关,还受到土壤其它理化因子,尤其是一些营养因子所控制。     

加载速率对钢筋混凝土梁动态性能的影响

引入钢筋和混凝土的应变率效应,利用有限元分析软件ABAQUS中的显示动力分析模块ABAQUA/Explicit,对钢筋混凝土梁在不同单调加载速率下的受力性能进行了数值模拟.通过比较不同加载速率下的分析结果,探讨了地震作用下的动态荷载对钢筋混凝土梁受力性能的影响.分析结果表明,在动态荷载作用下,钢筋混凝土梁的受力性能有显...     

Textural and chemical properties of swine-manure-derived biochar pertinent to its potential use as a soil amendment

Biochars have received increasing attention in recent years because of their properties pertaining to soil fertility and contaminant immobilization as well as serving as carbon sinks. In this work, a series of biochars were produced from dried swine manure waste by slow pyrolysis at different temperatures (i.e., 673-1073 K). The characterization of the resulting biochars was examined for its relevance to its potential use as soil amendment. It was found that the pore properties, ash contents and pH values of all swine-manure-derived biochars basically increased as temperature increased, while the yield and nitrogen/oxygen contents decreased with increasing temperature as a result of pyrolytic volatilization during pyrolysis. From the organic and inorganic elements analyses, the manure-derived biochar was rich in soil nutrients such as N, P, Ca, Mg, and K. Furthermore, the pore, surface and chemical properties were also consistent with the observations of the SEM-EDS, XRD and FTIR. This result suggested that the mesoporous manure-derived biochar could be used as an excellent medium to soil environment.     

新疆奎屯市17种落叶树种的滞尘能力研究

对奎屯市17种落叶树种进行了滞尘能力测定。结果表明，不同类型植物滞尘能力差异显著，灌木滞尘能力大于乔木。在11种落叶乔木中，滞尘能力最强的是圆冠榆，平均滞尘能力达3．6894g／m^2；在5种落叶灌木中，滞尘能力最强的是玫瑰，平均滞尘量可达3．6581g／m^2。