Is the bone tissue of ring-billed gulls breeding in a pollution hotspot in the St. Lawrence River,Canada, impacted by halogenated flame retardant exposure?

Bone metabolism is a tightly regulated process that controls bone remodeling and repair in addition to maintaining circulating calcium and phosphate levels. It has been shown that certain organohalogen contaminants may adversely impact bone tissue metabolism and structure in wildlife species. However, exceedingly few studies have addressed the bone-related effects of organohalogen exposure in birds. The objective of the present study was to investigate the associations between markers of bone metabolism and structural integrity, and concentrations of established and current-use halogenated flame retardants (FRs) in ring-billed gulls (Larus delawarensis) nesting in a known FR hotspot area in the St. Lawrence River (Montreal, Canada). Bone metabolism was assessed using plasma calcium and inorganic phosphate levels, and alkaline phophatase activity, while bone (tarsus; trabecular and cortical sections) structure quality was examined using the percentage of bone tissue comprised in the total bone volume (Bv/Tv) and bone mineral density (BMD). Bv/Tv and BMD of the tarsus tended (not significant) to be positively associated with circulating calcium levels in male ring-billed gulls. Moreover, concentrations of FRs in male bird liver (brominated diphenyl ether (BDE)-154, -183, -201, and -209) and plasma (BDE-209) were negatively correlated with trabecular and cortical BMD of the tarsus. These correlative associations may suggest light demineralization of bone tissue associated with FR exposure in male ring-billed gulls. Present findings provide some evidence that bone (tarsus) metabolism and mineral composition may be impacted in high FR-exposed (mainly to PBDEs) ring-billed gulls breeding in the highly urbanized Montreal region.     

A conceptual approach to model sand–gravel extraction from rivers based on a game theory perspective

Sand–gravel mining is a significant parameter of economic development and social welfare function in modern societies. As demand for aggregate increases in construction industry, conflicts for the availability of the resource and environmental impacts become more intense. The present paper describes the contested status quo in riverbed sand–gravel mining activities with an example from Greece, as a case study. The scope is to propose a methodology about good governance of the mining sector that promotes a sustainable sharing of aggregate resource by securing environment and safekeeping revenues in the mining trade market.     

区域矿产资源开发地质环境质量损益的经济评价

矿产资源的开发利用，是国民经济发展的基础，如何实现对资源的合理开发，而又尽量小地对地质环境民损害，是环境经济的重要研究内容。     

矿物油对水稻－萝卜的影响

用不同剂量的润滑油（引擎油、齿轮油）、煤油和废油污染土壤，探讨它们对水稻和后茬萝卜生长的影响．结果表明，引擎油在剂量为５ｍｌ／１００ｇ土时对水稻生长和后茬萝卜的成苗及苗高均有影响；齿轮油、煤油和废油在剂量为２ｍｌ／１００ｇ土时对水稻秧苗无多大影响，在剂量为１ｍｌ／１００ｇ土时对后茬萝卜有抑制作用．对被废油污染的土壤，可用油处理剂Ｓ．Ｇ８０５治理．但剂量以１０００ｍｇ／Ｌ以下为宜．     

砂岩储层中有机酸对主要矿物的溶蚀作用及机理研究综述

砂岩储层中有机酸对矿物的溶解和沉淀在很大程度上影响着次生孔隙的发育。研究发现,有机酸之所以能提高石英的溶蚀速率和长石的溶解度,主要是由于在矿物的表面及溶液中形成络合物,有效地降低了矿物表面反应的活化能及溶液中硅、铝离子浓度的结果。有机酸与粘土矿物的吸附或催化反应可抑制长石等其他矿物的溶解。有机酸与CO2一起共同控制着体系中碳酸盐的溶解或沉淀。     

矿物法治理重金属污染利弊分析

文章主要介绍了水体及土壤中重金属污染的治理方法,分析了现行化学法、物理化学法、生物法等存在的问题,阐述了矿物法治理重金属污染的优点和缺点,由于环境矿物材料具有原料来源广、加工工艺简单、生产成本低、可循环使用等特点,使矿物法治理重金属污染具有经济、简便、有效且不出现二次污染等优点,必将成为今后污染治理重要发展方向之一.     

K/T界面冲击层的岩石矿物特征及其对论证地外撞击事件的意义

分布在世界各地的K／T界面剖面，尽管形成环境各异，但彼此之间的岩石矿物特征却有许多共同之处。对于大多数剖面来说，界面粘土层的底都普遍存在着一个结构特别的冲击层。冲击层的厚度在全球的分布并不均匀，北美和加勒比海地区可达2～50cm，而其它地区则只有几厘米。冲击层的厚度可能反映了距离撞击坑的远近。详细的岩石与矿物学研究结果表明，在北美和加勒比海地区冲击层实际上具有双层结构特征。上面的一层称为火球层，除了富集Ir和其它地外指示元素外，还含有大量的烟灰和富Ni镁铁尖晶石。下面的溅射层则含有大量的冲击玻璃球粒（玻璃陨石）和冲击变质矿物。K／T界面冲击层的发现为Ir异常的地外撞击成因解释提供了更为直接的物理证据。     

红壤丘陵森林生态系统矿质元素循环的计算机模拟

根据1983-1986年在江西泰和县中科院千烟洲试验站小区试验的数据,运用Basic 语言在联想386微机上,利用分室模型成功地模拟了植被分别为人工马尾松(Pinusmossoniana)、枫香(Liquidambar formosana)以及天然次生林内 P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn 等6种矿质元素的循环。通过计算机模拟,定量地刻划了在0-10年内上述元素在植物、动物、凋落物层与土壤中的运转状态,并给出了循环系数与系统中矿质元素达到稳定状态时的平衡点。     

膨润土粘土矿吸附焦化废水中氨氮的研究

研究了膨润土粘土矿对碳酸铵溶液中ＮＨ４＾＋离子和焦化废水中氨氮的吸附。结果表明：在低液固比时，颗粒膨润土对碳酸铵溶液中ＮＨ４＾＋离子的吸附效果优于粉状膨润土；在高液固化时，粉状膨润土的吸附效果优于颗粒膨润土。颗粒膨润土对焦化废水中氨氮的吸附效果优于粉状膨润土和活化膨润土。     

“三下”开采资源补偿费减征的模型与方法研究

针对我国“三下”开采资源补偿费征收现状与存在问题,基于资源价值理论及现行资源补偿费征收标准,通过理论分析、实例计算和计算机模拟,给出了“三下”开采资源补偿费减征的理论依据,提出了“三下”开采资源回收难度综合评价模型、补偿费征收模型、合理采出率等有关参数的确定模型,研究了“三下”边界及压煤量、采出率快速准确确定方法,设计开发了程序系统,为搞好“三下”资源补偿费征收、提高矿产资源管理与科学决策水平提供了理论与方法依据。