崇明岛生态保护与生态补偿分析

以崇明岛为研究对象,通过与上海整体水平的比较,分析了岛域的社会经济状况和生态环境特点,并采用生态足迹模型分析了崇明岛的生态承载力及其对上海城市发展的生态支持作用。在此基础上,从内部机制和外部机制两个方面提出了对崇明岛生态保护进行生态补偿的对策措施。     

市(县)域生态环境功能区划分理论和方法初探——以福清市生态环境功能区划为例

地区经济和社会的高速发展,给区域的生态环境造成巨大的生态压力,成为影响地区可持续发展的制约因素.生态环境功能区划是根据生态环境要素特征、生态服务功能空间分异规律及生态承载力,将一个区域划分为不同生态环境功能区的过程,是生态市(县)建设规划的重要组成部分.本文以生态承载力理论为生态环境功能区划技术基础,分析探讨了市(县)域生态功能区划的主要功能和需要解决的核心问题,并以福清市为例探讨了生态环境功能区划的实际应用方法,供读者商榷.     

陕西略阳高山金矿床成矿流体特征

产于“勉略宁”三角成矿带的高山金矿床由 5个金矿体组成 ,该矿床的形成受区域构造活动所控制 ,其成矿作用可分为三个成矿期 :早期金的初始矿化、中期金的二次富集和晚期金的表生富集。中期成矿期为金的主要富集期 ,但晚期的表生氧化和风化淋滤作用对金的再次富集起了非常重要的作用。矿床流体包裹体以纯液态包裹体为主 ,成矿流体的温度介于 15 0℃～ 30 0℃之间。成矿流体很可能来源于中酸性钠长斑岩脉 ,但又不是典型的岩浆热液 ,具有多成因性。金的沉淀富集是在弱 -中等碱性热液、相对还原的环境中进行的。金矿的物质来源与矿区的超基性岩体、钠长斑岩脉、厚层状白云岩及各类碎屑沉积岩有密切的关系。     

青海省塔拉滩草原利用方向探讨

青海省共和县塔拉滩是一个平坦开阔的大草原，近４０多年来一直有宜农与宜牧之争。本文就此，从３个方面作了重点论述：垦滩种粮的后果严重；超载过牧也有潜在生态危机；最佳出路是将根治沙源与合理利用草原结合起来，发展季节畜牧业，走一条治用结合、滩谷互补、农牧业相互促进的道路，建设一个新型草原。     

干旱区水资源承载能力综合评价研究——以新疆和田河流域为例

本文以新疆和田河流域为例,重点探讨了我国西北干旱区水资源承载能力综合评价的方法,并将模糊综合评判方法应用于该研究,建立了分析评价模型。最后应用该模型对和田河流域水资源承载能力进行了评价研究。从而为该流域水资源合理利用提供了决策依据。同时,本研究也为干旱区水资源承载能力研究提供了经验和模式。     

河渠水环境容量研究——以成都市为例

以成都市外环路生态保护带以内的598km2中心城区的地表水体为研究对象。在综合考虑城市防洪、水资源综合利用以及城市经济发展条件等基础上,对其水体环境质量现状进行评价,确定了河道水体的主要污染因子;对规划区内河道水体的环境容量进行核算,提出各规划期限内需削减的城区水体污染源污染量。     

康滇地轴东缘铅锌矿床铅硫同位素地球化学研究

康滇地轴东缘不同时代碳酸盐地层中铅锌矿床的铅同位素研究表明 ,其2 0 7Pb/2 0 4 Pb与2 0 6 Pb/ 2 0 4 Pb呈良好线性关系 ,2 0 7Pb/ 2 0 6 Pb和2 0 8Pb/ 2 0 6 Pb为一常数。结合对本区矿床的稀土元素及成矿流体地球化学的研究 ,判定不同层位铅锌矿床是在同一个成矿体系同时形成的 ,一次成矿 ,其成矿年龄为 2 4 5Ma(峨眉运动 ) ;同时说明不同矿床成矿金属有相同的来源 ,主要来自上地幔。成矿硫以来自地层中的硫酸盐还原硫为主 ,幔源硫次之。本区铅锌矿床的成矿作用与峨眉山玄武岩的喷流关系密切 ,这是与著名的MVT型铅锌矿床的显著区别。     

广东区域酸雨污染模拟研究

运用数值模拟方法，使用一年365日的风速资料、12个月的降水资料和环境监测资料以及年平均的污染源资料，对广东地区的酸雨污染进行了较细致的分析。结果认为，以日为基础的累积计算，对于提高模拟酸雨污染的能力是很有帮助的。广东省的酸雨污染主要是由自身排放的污染物造成，外来的污染是次要的，在广东边界地区发现受到外省污染的显著痕迹。     

Mathematical modeling of biofiltration in activated pine-bark charge of a biofilter

Aim, Scope and Background Human economic activities cause emissions of various pollutants of an organic nature: butanol, butyl acetate, methanol, formaldehyde, phenol, benzene, toluene, xylene, etc. These compounds are emitted to atmosphere by various enterprises of food, chemistry, wood processing industries, from transportation means, agricultural enterprises, etc. Therefore, when purifying air from these pollutants, it is necessary to apply efficient and inexpensive air purification methods. In this dimension, the biological air purification is chosen from all possible air cleaning methods. An experimental biofilter with the activated charge of pine bark was developed at the Department of Environment Protection of the Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. In the course of the experimental investigation, it was determined that this air purification method is efficient. Filter efficiency, when purifying air of volatile organic compounds (butanol, butyl acetate and xylene), to a great extent, depending on the nature and concentrations (up to 100 mg/m3) of pollutants injected, might go up to 70-98%. The mathematical model of the biofilter was developed based on the research results and fully taking into consideration physical, chemical, and biological processes going on during its operations. Main Features The aim of this article is to determine biodegradation constant , absorption capacity , and half empiric expressions of filter efficiency. Knowing this, it is possible to find out the dependence of the filter efficiency on the operational parameters of the filter (i.e. on the concentrations and the height of biocharge of the initial pollutants (butanol, butyl acetate, xylene) fed through it). Conclusions With the help of mathematical modeling, the biodegradation constants and absorption capability of volatile organic compounds (butanol, butyl acetate, and xylene) fed into the biofilter charged with the activated pine bark and used for the cleaning of volatile organic compounds, as well as the efficiency of the biofilter in half empiric expression, have been established. It has been discovered that the constant of pollutant biodegradation is a value inverse to the time during which the amount of pollutants in the filter becomes times higher. It is rather complicated to carry out theoretical calculation of the biodegradation constant at a molecular level, therefore this constant has been established based on the results obtained in the course of research. The equations describing pollutant dynamics in the filter charge and the air cleaning processes going on in it have been derived from diffusion equations in a mobile medium. The modeling helped to find out the absorption capacity of the examined pollutants, which by its numeric value is equal to the volume unit of the absorbed gas amount. The latter factor, the same as the biodegradation constant, was determined basing on the experimental results. Mathematical modeling brought a range of formulas expressing dependences of each pollutant's efficiency on its initial concentrations and filter charge height. Recommendation /Outlook. Based on the experimental data, a mathematical model has been developed which will allow the measuring of the filter efficiency not only with regard to the absorption and biodegradation of the pollutants under examination, but also with regard to other pollutants and their compounds, etc., having an impact on the filter performance. The results of the mathematical modeling have revealed that the modeling of processes going on in the filter is much simpler than isthe performance of long and costly experiments. The developed mathematical model makes it possible to measure the filter efficiency at the present moment.     

泥炭树脂颗粒对水溶液中十二烷基苯磺酸钠的去除

泥炭树脂颗粒对水溶液中十二烷基苯磺酸钠 (SDBS)具有很好的去除效果。数据分析表明 ,Freundlich和 Langmuir吸附等温方程可以很好地描述这一过程。通过 L angmuir方程计算出颗粒对 SDBS的最大吸附量为 3 3 .3 3 mg·g- 1。在试验条件下 ,吸附量随着 SDBS的初始浓度增加而增加 ,当溶液的初始 p H在 4～ 8的范围时 ,颗粒对 SDBS吸附量变化很小。溶液的初始浓度对吸附速率产生明显影响 ,浓度越低吸附速率越快 ,达到吸附平衡所需的时间越短。准二级动力学模型能够很好地描述颗粒对 SDBS的吸附过程。