低温湿式化学法制备ZnO纳米棒阵列膜及其光催化活性研究

采用一种简单的低温湿式化学方法,即将预处理好的锌片直接放人5%甲酰胺水溶液中,在65℃烘箱中加热24 h,在锌片基底上成功制备出了大面积具有良好取向的ZnO纳米棒阵列.用XRD、SEM、DRs、PL等测试手段对其进行了表征.研究结果表明,ZnO纳米棒是六方钎锌矿晶,与基底垂直,具有沿(002)晶面择优生长的特征.另外,该阵列薄膜在379 nm附近发出强荧光,禁带宽度为Eg=3.28 eV.以自镇流高压汞灯为光源、以ZnO纳米棒为催化剂处理水中的甲基橙.结果显示,ZnO纳米棒的光催化反应为一级反应,表观速率常数与甲基橙的初始浓度有关.     

Evaluating the potential of CNT-supported Co catalyst used for gas pollution removal in the incineration flue gas

This study investigated the use of Cu/Al₂O₃, Co/Al₂O₃, Fe/Al₂O₃, and Ni/Al₂O₃ catalysts for the growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). These CNTs were used as support for Co catalyst preparation and Co/CNT catalysts were applied to a catalytic reaction to remove BTEX, PAHs, SO₂, NO, and CO simultaneously in a pilot-scale incineration system. The analyzed results of EDS and XRD showed low metal content and good dispersion characteristics of the Al₂O₃-supported catalysts by excess-solution impregnation. FESEM analyzed results showed that the CNTs that were synthesized from Co, Fe, and Ni catalysts had a diameter of 20 nm, whereas those synthesized from Cu/Al₂O₃ had a diameter of 50 nm. Pilot-scale test results demonstrated that the Co/CNT catalyst effectively removed air pollutants in the catalytic reaction and that there was no obvious deactivation by Pb, water vapor, and coke deposited in the process. The thermal stabilization at 250 °C and hydrophobicity properties of CNTs enhanced the application of CNT catalysts in flue gas.     

TiO2纳米管光催化处理络合银:Ag(I)与配体协同机制

以纳米TiO2为原料,采用水热合成法制备TiO2纳米管,以XRD、FT-IR和SEM进行表征。XRD表明TiO2纳米管主要为锐钛矿相;FT-IR表明制备材料含有丰富的羟基;SEM表明材料分散均匀、不易团聚,比原料具有更大的比表面积。在300 mL/min空气曝气、pH=3、T=(26±0.5) ℃和300 W紫外光照的条件下,进行光催化降解EDTA-Ag(I)和DTPA-Ag(I)的实验。结果表明,制备的催化材料对含络合银废水的处理具有较高的光催化活性,金属银的去除率和EDTA、DTPA的降解率都达到95%以上,反应近似符合一级模型;有机配体的光催化氧化与Ag(I)的光催化还原之间具有明显的协同效应。     

基于氮掺杂碳负载铁催化剂的硫代硫酸盐催化空气氧化

焦化脱硫废液中硫代硫酸盐严重制约高品质硫氰酸盐产品提取。利用马铃薯薯渣为碳源,通过热处理技术制备氮掺杂碳负载铁催化剂(Fe-NCNT/PC),采用N₂物理吸附仪、扫描电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱对催化剂的表面积、微观形貌和表面结构特征进行了表征,考察了其对HB、LN 2种脱硫废液中硫代硫酸盐的催化空气氧化性能。结果表明,Fe-NCNT/PC具有微-介孔结构和FeN_x限域结构,焙烧温度的升高会降低催化剂活性和稳定性,最适焙烧温度为700 ℃;当Fe-NCNT/PC-700用量1.5 g、氧化时间6 h时,HB、LN脱硫废液中硫代硫酸盐的去除率可达95%;脱硫废液氧化后pH显著降至酸性,Fe-NCNT/PC-700的限域结构能够防止活性组分铁流失。此外,Fe较其他过渡金属(Mn、Cu、Co、Ni)对硫代硫酸盐催化空气氧化活性更佳。     

BiOBr掺杂TiO2纳米管阵列光催化降解水中微量双酚A的性能及机理

针对光催化降解水中微量双酚A存在的可见光利用率低、载流子复合效率高和催化剂回收难等问题,本研究采用阳极氧化法和循环浸渍法在钛片上原位制备了BiOBr/TiO₂纳米管阵列(BiOBr/TNTAs)复合光催化剂,使用SEM、XRD和XPS等分析方法对催化剂的形貌和结构进行了表征。结果表明,片层状的BiOBr均匀负载在TNTAs表面,形成了稳定的异质结结构。BiOBr/TNTAs在可见光下对水中微量双酚A的去除率和矿化率明显高于TNTAs,且表现出优异的光催化稳定性。水体中共存的各种阴离子和腐殖酸等会通过竞争活性位点或作为自由基清除剂影响双酚A的去除效果。自由基淬灭结果表明,·OH和h⁺是BiOBr/TNTAs光催化降解双酚A的主要活性物种。光催化活性增强主要归因于BiOBr和TNTAs间p-n异质结的形成,可有效拓展TNTAs的光谱响应范围,从而提高光生电子-空穴的分离效率。     

改性碳纳米管对Fe~(3+)的吸附研究

采用硝酸浸泡氧化方法改性碳纳米管,用于吸附水溶液中Fe3+的实验研究,用分光光度法进行测定。结果表明,改性碳纳米管吸附去除Fe3+效能较未改性的碳纳米管有显著的提高。通过对吸附数据的拟和,发现在所研究的温度范围内吸附等温线符合弗仑德利希(Freundlich)吸附等温式。     

Macroporous Ni foam-supported Co3O4 nanobrush and nanomace hybrid arrays for high-efficiency CO oxidation

Herein, we reported the synthesis of well-defined Co_3O_4 nanoarrays(NAs) supported on a monolithic three-dimensional macroporous nickel(Ni) foam substrate for use in highefficiency CO oxidation. The monolithic Co_3O_4 NAs catalysts were obtained through a generic hydrothermal synthesis route with subsequent calcination. By controlling the reaction time,solvent polarity and deposition agent, these Co_3O_4 NAs catalysts exhibited various novel morphologies(single or hybrid arrays), whose physicochemical properties were further characterized by using several analytical techniques. Based on the catalytic and characterization analyses, it was found that the Co_3O_4 NAs-6 catalyst with nanobrush and nanomace arrays displayed enhanced catalytic activity for CO oxidation, achieving an efficient 100% CO oxidation conversion at a gas hourly space velocity(GHSV) 10,000 hr~(-1) and 150°C with longterm stability. Compared with the other Co_3O_4 NAs catalysts, it had the highest abundance of surface-adsorbed oxygen species, excellent low-temperature reducibility and was rich in surface-active sites(Co~(3+)/Co~(2+)= 1.26).     

空间高轨高压太阳电池阵静电防护技术研究

目的提高太阳电池阵的可靠性。方法对空间用高轨高压太阳电池阵的静电防护技术进行试验研究,通过外加电弧的方式对太阳电池试验件进行一次放电模拟试验,通过电子注入模拟高轨等离子体环境,采用单一电子能量模拟多能谱能量的环境,对太阳电池阵二次放电进行摸底试验。结果一次放电对太阳电池试验件无影响,二次放电发生时,太阳电池串之间电压的阈值为80 V,二次放电会对太阳电池串输出功率造成一定影响。结论在太阳电池阵设计过程中,控制太阳电池串之间的并联间隙为1 mm,相邻太阳电池串之间电压差不大于80 V、在相邻太阳电池串之间涂敷硅橡胶等方法能有效控制太阳电池阵二次放电的发生,大大提高了太阳电池阵的可靠性。     

Removal of Janus Green dye from aqueous solutions using oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were oxidized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The adsorption characteristics of the oxidized MWCNT adsorbent were examined using Janus Green (JG) as adsorbate. In batch tests, the effects of pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, and temperature were studied. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 56 mg g^?1. The experimental data were fitted to the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Tempkin isotherm models, the first one being the most appropriate. Kinetic analysis showed that adsorption was most accurately represented by a pseudo-second-order model.     

Biodegradability of organic nanoparticles in the aqueous environment

Synthetic nanoparticles have already been detected in the aquatic environment. Therefore, knowledge on their biodegradability is of utmost importance for risk assessment but such information is currently not available. Therefore, the biodegradability of fullerenes, single, double, multi-walled as well as COOH functionalized carbon nanotubes and cellulose and starch nanocrystals in aqueous environment has been investigated according to OECD standards. The biodegradability of starch and cellulose nanoparticles was also compared with the biodegradability of their macroscopic counterparts. Fullerenes and all carbon nanotubes did not biodegrade at all, while starch and cellulose nanoparticles biodegrade to similar levels as their macroscopic counterparts. However, neither comfortably met the criterion for ready biodegradability (60% after 28 days). The cellulose and starch nanoparticles were also found to degrade faster than their macroscopic counterparts due to their higher surface area. These findings are the first report of biodegradability of organic nanoparticles in the aquatic environment, an important accumulation environment for manmade compounds.