政府-企业-居民协同共治的道路交通碳交易机制

根据道路交通碳排放的影响机理,提出同时把上游燃料供应企业、中游汽车生产企业、下游汽车使用者同时作为道路交通碳交易的责任主体,设计了政府-企业-居民协同共治的道路交通碳交易机制,包括碳配额总量设定、初始碳配额分配、行业基准设定、履约考核、市场交易以及监测报告核查等制度.通过案例与情景分析揭示了道路交通碳交易的多主体协同作用机理：在政府对于碳配额总量和行业基准的调控下,燃料供应企业将通过改变燃料成分来降低燃料排放因子;汽车生产企业将通过提高汽车燃油经济性和新能源汽车比例来降低汽车能耗强度;汽车使用者将通过减少车辆行驶里程降低交通需求或者购买使用新能源汽车.本文所提出的政府-企业-居民协同共治的道路交通碳交易机制,可以分别从上游、中游、下游促进道路交通碳排放的3个关键影响因素——燃料排放因子、汽车能耗强度、交通活动需求协同优化,能够有效控制道路交通温室气体排放增长,进而加速“碳达峰”的实现和“碳中和”的转型.     

活性氧化铝对水中磷的去除与回收研究

使用活性氧化铝作为吸附剂研究其对磷的吸附特性,并对不同提取剂对磷的回收效果进行了讨论.结果表明,活性氧化铝对使用蒸馏水、自来水及洱海入湖河流罗时江水配制的磷溶液有不同的磷吸附效果,其对3种不同磷溶液的吸附等温线模型均符合Langmuir模型,经计算得到理论最大吸附量分别为20.88、32.15和29.85 mg·g-1.通过吸附试验表明,电解质的存在对吸附效果有促进作用.pH值越低,活性氧化铝表面的Zeta电位越高,越有利于磷吸附.对比使用4种不同提取剂的试验结果表明,使用0.1 mol·L-1NaOH基本可以完全提取活性氧化铝吸附的磷.     

砂状氧化铝技改项目安全管理特性及措施

砂状氧化铝项目是中国铝业公司改善氧化铝产品质量、提高市场竞争力的重大技术改造项目，在山西分公司有3个砂状氧化铝技术改造项目同时施工，与生产交叉进行，时间紧、任务重、技术含量高、点多面广，安全管理难度很大，但通过采取有效措施，就能够保证砂状氧化铝技改项目安全稳定、顺利地进行。     

RBF神经网络在土壤重金属污染评价中的应用

运用MATLAB软件的K均值聚类算法结合神经网络工具箱,通过建立RBF神经网络对郑汴路圃田—杏花营段路旁土壤进行了评价。结果表明,土壤重金属积累峰值污染峰值多出现在距路基50m范围以内,并随着距路基距离的增加,污染程度逐渐下降。风力因素和邻近铁路对路段两侧土壤重金属污染影响较大,且公路运营时间越早,对两侧土壤污染越严重。杏花营断面土壤质量以Ⅱ级为主,北侧断面土壤质量多为Ⅲ级。圃田断面各样点综合评价结果均为Ⅱ级,整体质量优于杏花营断面。RBF神经网络评价方法具有计算速度快,评价结果客观等优点。     

Decomposition of hexachlorobenzene over Al2O3 supported metal oxide catalysts

Decomposition of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) was investigated over several metal oxides (i.e., MgO, CaO, BaO, La₂O₃, CeO₂, MnO₂, Fe₂O₃, and Co₃O₄) supported on Al₂O₃, which was achieved in closed system at a temperature of 300°C. Catalysts were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation with different metal oxides loading and impregnating solvents. The decomposition efficiency of different catalysts for this reaction depends on the nature of the metal oxide used, and Al₂O₃ supported La₂O₃ was found to be the most active one. Pentachlorobenzene (PeCB), and all tetrachlorobenzene (TeCB), trichlorobenzene (TrCB), and dichlorobenzene (DCB) isomers were detected after the decomposition reaction, indicating that the decomposition was mainly a dechlorination process. The detection of all lower chlorinated benzenes suggested the complexity of decomposition and the presence of more than one dechlorination pathway.     

混合气液两相放电对水中有机物降解的机理研究

采用混合气液两相放电的方法来处理水中的有机物.结果表明,这种新型的水处理方法对于苯酚具有较好地去除效果．随着电压的增加和空气的通入,苯酚的去除率都有所增加. 对放电区域内产生的活性物种——过氧化氢和臭氧进行了定量的测定,并发现随着电压和空气的通入量的增加,这2种物质的量都有所增加．对于反应过程中的能耗进行分析得到随着电压的增加,能耗增加的幅度要大于苯酚降解率增加的幅度,能量效率增加较小. 空气的通入增加了能耗, 输入总能量中一部分能量使反应溶液温度升高,导致了能量的损耗.     

N-doped mesoporous alumina for adsorption of carbon dioxide

N-doped mesoporous alumina has been synthesized using chitosan as the biopolymer template. The adsorbent has been thoroughly investigated for the adsorption of CO₂ from a simulated flue gas stream (15% CO₂ balanced with N₂) and compared with commercially available mesoporous alumina procured from SASOL, Germany. CO₂ adsorption was studied under different conditions of pre-treatment and adsorption temperature, inlet CO₂ concentration and in the presence of oxygen and moisture. The adsorption capacity was determined to be 29.4 mg CO₂/g of adsorbent at 55℃. This value was observed to be 4 times higher in comparison to that of commercial mesoporous alumina at a temperature of 55℃. Basicity of alumina surface coupled with the presence of nitrogen in template in synthesized sample is responsible for this enhanced CO₂ adsorption. Adsorption capacity for CO₂ was retained in the presence of oxygen; however moisture had a deteriorating effect on the adsorption capacity reducing it to nearly half the value.     

基于BP神经网络的义水河水环境质量评价研究

水质质量涉及多个影响因子,因子间大多具有非线性相关性,因此,水质评价是一个具有多因子的非线性系统。人工神经网络具有非线性映射的特点,能够有效地处理非线性相关问题,将其应用于水质评价中能够获得更为准确的信息。文章以溶解氧、高锰酸盐指数、化学需氧量、氨氮、总磷、石油类等6个指标作为评价因子,通过构造BP网络模型对义水河水质进行评价,分析了义水河4个断面的水质状况,并与单因子评价法结果进行了比较分析。     

Genotoxic and cytotoxic in vitro evaluation of ivermectin and its formulation ivomec® on Aedes albopictus larvae (CCL-126™) cells

Genotoxic effects of ivermectin (IVM) and its commercial formulation ivomec® (IVM 1.0%) were studied on Aedes albopictus larvae (CCL-126?) cells by sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) while cytotoxicity was determined by cell-cycle progression (CCP), proliferative rate index (PRI), mitotic index (MI), 3(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), and neutral red (NR) endpoints within a 1–250 µg mL^?1 concentration range. While IVM and ivomec® did not markedly affect SCE frequencies, these agents induced DNA-strand breaks enhancing both slightly damaged and damaged cells at 25–50 and 5–50 µg mL^?1 IVM and ivomec®, respectively. Both compounds exerted a delay in CCP and reduction of PRI at 10 µg mL^?1. Cytotoxicity was observed at concentrations higher than 25 µg mL^?1. A marked reduction of about 98% and 94% of MI compared to controls was noted with 25 µg mL^?1 of IVM and ivomec®, respectively. NR and MTT assays revealed that both compounds induced a cell growth inhibition within the 1–250 µg mL^?1 concentration range. Data indicated that IVM and ivomec® exert both genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in insect cells in vitro, at least in A. albopictus larvae CCL-126? cells.     

Impaired phospholipid metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by increased phospholipase B activity induced by 4-(methyl nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone

Tobacco products and cigarette smoke cause many respiratory diseases including cancer. 4-(Methyl nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) is a potent carcinogen in cigarette smoke, but its effect on lipid metabolism remains enigmatic. Hence, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was exposed to different concentrations of NNK (0–400?µmol?L^?1) to elucidate its role in lipid metabolism. Exposure to NNK substantially decreases (about 60%) of the phospholipid content with a concomitant increase in lysophospholipids. Significant reduction was observed in the phosphatidylcholine followed by phosphatidylethanolamine with NNK-treated cells. On the contrary, cells accumulated significant amount of neutral lipids and free fatty acids. Exposure of yeast cells (wild-type cells and three plbΔ mutant strains) to NNK greatly enhances the hydrolysis of phospholipid in the presence of calcium. We are the first to report that exposure to NNK enhances phospholipase B (PLB), particularly plb1p activity. Furthermore, NNK also promotes the alteration of phospholipid fatty acid (FA) content. These results suggest that NNK aids in the degradation of phospholipids by enhanced PLB activity and is accompanied with FA alteration. Understanding the altered phospholipid metabolism in the presence of NNK remains a worthy pursuit.