臭氧灭活水中铜绿微囊藻影响因素研究

为研究臭氧在水体中杀灭铜绿微囊藻的效果,利用中性红染色法探讨了不同因素(臭氧投量、作用时间、pH值、温度、浑浊度、初始藻细胞密度等)对臭氧灭活铜绿微囊藻效果的影响.结果表明,随着臭氧投量和作用时间的延长,藻灭活率明显增加.当浑浊度0.5~20NTU,温度5~35℃, pH值6.0~9.0,同时浊度越低,灭活效果越好;随温度上升,臭氧灭活铜绿微囊藻能力减弱;碱性较酸性条件下臭氧杀灭铜绿微囊藻的能力更强.藻样初始浓度对杀藻效果影响较大,细胞密度增大,杀藻效果急剧下降.当初始藻细胞密度为1.0×107cells/L,臭氧投量为2.0mg/L,作用时间40min以上时,在饮用水消毒的浊度、温度、pH值范围内,铜绿微囊藻的灭活率在99.0%以上,繁殖能力降低到0.     

影响酸法提取煤矸石中氧化铝主要因素的试验研究

对煤矸石中有用元素的提取,是煤矸石深度利用开发的一个方向。从山西柳林煤矸石入手分析其组成与结构,采用X射线衍射来分析不同煅烧温度下煤矸石的晶型变化。研究了煤矸石在硫酸介质中氧化铝浸出的影响因素,较好的工艺条件如下:煤矸石活化温度为750℃,酸浸温度为100℃,酸浸时间为4 h,酸矸比为1.1∶1,固液比为1∶3。在此条件下Al2O3的浸出率可以达到85.2%。     

接地、接零与漏触电保护装置

对目前在电气安全方面广泛应用的保护接地和保护接零技术进行了分析,指出其各自的局限性与特点,重点讨论了漏触电保护装置的工作原理,并就其在实际中的应用进行了阐述。     

氧化铝皮带廊粉尘浓度超标原因及对策

分析了山西铝厂氧化铝皮带廓技术改造以后粉尘浓度超标的原因，提出了降低粉尘浓度的对策。     

中铝山西分公司氧化铝厂粉尘治理

介绍了山西企业氧化铝熟科窑收尘系统，分析了烟尘排放浓度超标的原因，并就提高收尘效率、降低氧化铝厂粉尘污染提出了改进意见。     

表面活性剂对中性氧化铝吸附甲基对硫磷的影响

分别应用离子型表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)、十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)改性中性氧化铝对甲基对硫磷这种疏水性环境污染物进行吸附性能研究.结果表明,中性氧化铝对甲基对硫磷的吸附行为与表面活性剂的种类和浓度及环境中pH值有关.原中性氧化铝对甲基对硫磷的吸附能力较小,加入阴离子表面活性剂及调节pH值后其吸附能力增强.氧化铝对3种离子型表面活性剂的吸附性能有所不同,在中性条件下,对SDS的吸附量最大,对CTMAB的吸附量最小;当介质pH为4时,氧化铝对SDS或SDBS的吸附量都有所增大,对CTMAB的吸附量则下降.甲基对硫磷和阴离子表面活性剂同时存在于溶液中时,产生协同效应,使氧化铝对甲基对硫磷的吸附能力有所提高.而阳离子表面活性剂存在下,氧化铝对甲基对硫磷的吸附能力则逐渐下降.     

ATR-FTIR and XPS study on the structure of complexes formed upon the adsorption of simple organic acids on aluminum hydroxide

Information on the binding of organic ligands to metal （hydr）oxide surfaces is useful for understanding the adsorption behaviour of natural organic matter on metal （hydr）oxide. In this study, benzoate and salicylate were employed as the model organic ligands and aluminum hydroxide as the metal hydroxide. The attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared （ATR-FTIR） spectra revealed that the ligands benzoate and salicylate do coordinate directly with the surface of hydrous aluminum hydroxide, thereby forming innersphere surface complexes. It is concluded that when the initial pH is acidic or neutral, monodentate and bridging complexes are to be formed between benzoate and aluminum hydroxide while bridging complexes predominate when the initial pH is alkalic. Monodentate and bridging complexes can be formed at pH 5 while precipitate and bridging complexes are formed at pH 7 when salicylate anions are adsorbed on aluminum hydroxide. The X-ray photoelectron （XP） spectra demonstrated the variation of C 1 s binding energy in the salicyate and phenolic groups before and after adsorption. It implied that the benzoate ligands are adsorbed through the complexation between carboxylate moieties and the aluminum hydroxide surface, while both carboxylate group and phenolic group are involved in the complexation reaction when salicylate is adsorbed onto aluminum hydroxide. The information offered by the XPS confirmed the findings obtained with ATR-FTIR.     

自制沸石及活性Al_2O_3除湿及再生实验研究

以电厂粉煤灰为主要原料,氢氧化钠为活化剂,通过碱熔融水热法合成沸石分子筛和以溶胶凝胶法合成的活性氧化铝,比表面积分别达到148.81 m2/g和415 m2/g。将两种材料分别用于空气调节系统除湿和再生试验,并和目前常用的4A分子筛固体除湿剂比较,自制沸石分子筛和活性氧化铝都具有很好的除湿效果,而且活性氧化铝的再生温度较低,为57℃左右,再生温度在50~60℃区间内DCOP值在0.8以上,可利用太阳能等低品位能作为再生热源,是一种高效节能的固体除湿材料。     

Decomposition of trifluoromethane in a dielectric barrier discharge non-thermal plasma reactor

The decomposition of trifluoromethane (CHF₃) was carried out using non-thermal plasma generated in a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor. The effects of reactor temperature, electric power, initial concentration and oxygen content were examined. The DBD reactor was able to completely destroy CHF₃ with alumina beads as a packing material. The decomposition efficiency increased with increasing electric power and reactor temperature. The destruction of CHF₃ gradually increased with the addition of O₂ up to 2%, but further increase in the oxygen content led to a decrease in the decomposition efficiency. The degradation pathways were explained with the identified by-products. The main by-products from CHF₃ were found to be COF₂, CF₄, CO₂ and CO although the COF₂ and CF₄ disappeared when the plasma were combined with alumina catalyst.     

活性氧化铝和其他滤料除微量磷效果比较

试验研究了活性氧化铝和其他7种滤料在饮用水工艺中对微量磷和浊度的去除效果,并进行了比较和分析.结果表明,活性氧化铝对溶解性总磷的去除效果明显要优于其他7种滤料,对颗粒态总磷的去除效果和其他7种滤料相比没有优势,活性氧化铝对总磷的去除优势主要在于对溶解性总磷的吸附性能,对于浊度的去除效果和其他7种滤料相近.