强化启动对内循环生物流化床硝化效果的影响

通过改变内循环生物流化床的启动水质,提高N/C组成以强化流化床后期的硝化作用.结果表明,高N/C和低进水COD强化启动后处理生活污水,在HRT为2h时,可以同时高效去除COD和氨氮,氨氮的平均去除率为74%.耗氧速率试验表明,强化启动后,流化床中生物膜的异养菌活性大幅度降低,氨氧化细菌活性明显提高,硝化细菌活性变化不大.对反应系统微生物醌进行的跟踪分析表明,强化启动后,生物膜中的硝化细菌数量明显增加,微生物种群的分布均匀性变化较小,以革兰氏阴性菌为主.扫描电镜观察显示,低N/C启动条件下,生物膜厚且致密,异养菌所占比例高;高N/C启动条件有利于硝化细菌的生长,生物膜相对稀薄.     

高浓度洗毛废水生物降解的研究

根据高浓度洗毛废水的水质特性,选择、驯化出高效污泥和菌株,并对生物降解该废水时的工艺、污泥量、时间三要素进行了深入的研究．结果表明,对于物化处理彻底的废水, Ｈ／ Ｏ 工艺（ 水解／ 好氧工艺） 与好氧工艺处理差异不大;７０ ％ 左右物化效果时, Ｈ／ Ｏ 工艺处理时, Ｃ Ｏ Ｄｃｒ 去除率增加;废水在处理过程中成分变化大,后段水可用筛选优势菌的方法处理．实验室流动模型运行结果为：在原水ρ（ Ｃ Ｏ Ｄｃｒ） １８５４４ ｍｇ／ Ｌ 和设定ｔ Ｈ Ｒ（ 延滞期） 下,混凝后出水ρ（ Ｃ Ｏ Ｄｃｒ） ５３２２ ｍｇ／ Ｌ,水解池出水ρ（ Ｃ Ｏ Ｄｃｒ） ４７６３ ｍｇ／ Ｌ,好氧池出水 Ｃ Ｏ Ｄｃｒ１９９ ．９ ｍｇ／ Ｌ,总 Ｃ Ｏ Ｄｃｒ去除率为９８ ．９ ％     

RUNOFF OF METALS FROM ALUM-TREATED HORSE MANURE AND MUNICIPAL SLUDGE1

ABSTRACT: Land application of organic soil amendments can increase runoff concentrations of metals such as Fe and Zn, metalbids such as B and As, and non-metals such as P and S that have the potential for causing adverse environmental impacts. Aluminum sulfate, or alum (Al₂(SO₄)3*(14H₂O), can reduce concentrations of some materials in runoff from sites treated with organic amendments. The objectives of this study were to (a) quantify concentrations of selected constituents (Al, As, B, Ca, Cd, Co, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, P, Pb, 5, Se, Ti, and Zn) in runoff from plots treated with horse manure (mixed with stall bedding) and municipal sludge, (b) assess runoff quality effects of alum addition to those treatments, and (c) determine time variations in concentrations of the constituents. Horse manure and municipal sludge were applied to twelve 2.4 by 6.1 m fescue plots (six each for the manure and sludge). Alum was added to three of the manure-treated and three of the sludge-treated plots. Simulated rainfall (64 mm/h) was applied to the 12 treated plots and to three control (no treatment) plots. The first 0.5 h runoff was sampled and analyzed for the constituents described above. Addition of manure or sludge had no effect on runoff concentrations of the majority of constituents. In some cases (e.g., Al, As, Fe, Zn), however, concentrations were near or in excess of threshold values recommended for marine wildlife protection. Alum addition increased runoff of Al, Ca, K, and 5, due likely to its composition and by the addition of lime to counteract the acidity of alum. Concentration decreases of more than 50 percent were noted for P for the horse manure treatment. No alum effect was detected for P in runoff from the sludge-treated plots, possibly due to relatively stable P forms in the sludge. Runoff concentrations of Al, As, Fe, K, Mn, and P followed an approximately first-order decline with respect to time. Runoff concentrations of Ca and 5, however, peaked during the second runoff sample (four minutes following initiation of runoff), suggesting that differences in mobility and/or transport mechanisms exist among the materials investigated.     

加压上流式好氧污泥床(PUASB)法处理制药废水初探

在进水ＣＯＤ为５００－６００ｍｇ／Ｌ、压力ｐ＝０．２ＭＰａ、回／流比Ｒ＝６条件下,加压上流式好氧泥泥床平均ＣＯＤ去除率为７１％,出水基本达到国家排放标准;进水ＣＯＤ为１０００ｍｇ／Ｌ以上,在ｐ＝０．３ＭＰａ、Ｒ＝６条件下,ＣＯＤ去除率仍可达到７０％左右。     

流动系统内生物膜的形成及控制

应用辐射流动室（Ｒａｄｉｃａｌ Ｆｌｏｗ Ｃｈａｍｂｅｒ,ＲＦＣ）技术宣地研究水力剪切力对硝化细菌在聚苯乙烯（ＰＳ）载体表面固定的。发现水力剪切力直接影响硝化细菌的固定。当作用于ＰＳ表面的水力剪切力大于８．０Ｎ／ｍ＾２时,硝化细菌基本不能在ＰＳ表面险境着;水力剪切力小于８．０Ｎ／ｍ＾２时,硝化细菌的固定程度随剪切力的减小而加强,直至达到最大,实验表明辐射液动室技术为定量研究生物膜形成及控制与水力剪     

曝气生物滤池处理生活污水试验

曝气生物滤池具有体积小、处理效率高等特点。研究结果表明,曝气生物滤池处理生活污水在０．５３ｍ／ｈ的水力负荷下,ＢＯＤ５、ＣＯＤ、ＳＳ、ＮＨ４－Ｎ和ＴＮ的平均去除率９５．３％、９２．６％、９６．７％、９１．８５％和８５．１％,平均出水浓度分别为３．０ｍｇ／Ｌ、１２．５ｍｇ／Ｌ、２．５ｍｇ／Ｌ、１．７ｍｇ／Ｌ和４．３ｍｇ／Ｌ。     

一种适用于高悬浮物有机废水处理的新型厌氧装置

本研究的厌氧反应器具有UASB工艺与两相消化装置的特点,将发酸酵、甲烷发酵、沉淀分离3个工艺过程有效地组合成一体,并利用所产生的沼气及水位变化控制进行无需外加动力与设备的自动回流搅拌,以适应于处理高悬浮物的废水,并避免堵塞、短流与浮渣板结等问题。120L反应器在35℃下处理好氧剩余污泥的试验表明,在HRT3.53—8.57d条件下,其有机物去除率达51.4％—58.6％,在HRT为7.5d时,其有机负荷为2.97kgSS/(m~3·d),COD负荷为3.89kgCOD/(m~3·d),平均有机物去除率为55.3％,所产沼气含甲烷60％以上。     

PACT活性污泥中生物质量与粉末活性炭质量的计算和测定

本文根据活性污泥处理系统的物料平衡关系,提出PACT活性污泥中生物质量和粉末活性炭(PAC)质量的计算和测定方法.计算结果表明,曝气池混合液中PAC浓度随着PAC投加量和泥龄与水力停留时间的比值的提高而增加.通过实际测定活性污泥PAC在不同温度时的挥发量,得出三个联立方程式的基本系数,从而测得实际的PAC活性污泥试样中生物质量和PAC质量.     

进水浓度对UASB颗粒污泥形成的影响研究

采用人工葡萄糖配水,在相同的操作条件下,研究了进水浓度对UASB反应器颗粒污泥形成的影响。试验结果表明,9000mg/L COD的高浓度进水能够培养出良好的颗粒污泥,颗粒直径1.0—2.5mm(大多为2.0mm),SVI 16.03 ml/g,沉降性能良好.颗粒化过程在二个多月的试验周期内基本完成。反应器容积负荷达30.8kg COD/m~3·d,COD去除率大于85％.而采用1000mg/L COD的低浓度进水,也能培养出颗粒污泥但过程较慢,颗粒直径较小,约0.5—1.5mm,反应器容积负荷最高为10.2kg COD/m~3·d,COD去除率约75％。本文还就处理实际废水时的操作控制技术进行了分析讨论。     

煤气站废水剩余活性污泥好氧消化处理试验

某煤气站含酚废水剩余活性污泥中可生化处理的MLVSS浓度占总MLVSS浓度的59.3％.采用好氧消化处理,在30℃条件下间歇运行17天,MLVSS的降低可达44.9％.提高温度时,污泥降解速率亦提高,但转入液相的难生物降解产物也增加.本文还对剩余活性污泥好氧消化动力学进行了推导,并提出了其动力学常数的简捷求定方法。