Total nitrogen and community turnover determine phosphorus use efficiency of phytoplankton along nutrient gradients in plateau lakes

Numerous studies support that biodiversity predict most to ecosystem functioning, but whether other factors display a more significant direct impact on ecosystem functioning than biodiversity remains to be studied. We investigated 398 samples of the phytoplankton phosphorus resource use efficiency (RUE_P = chlorophyll-a concentration/dissolved phosphate) across two seasons in nine plateau lakes in Yunnan Province, China. We identified the main contributors to phytoplankton RUE_P and analyzed their potential influences on RUE_P at different lake trophic states. The results showed that total nitrogen (TN) contributed the most to RUE_P among the nine lakes, whereas community turnover (measured as community dissimilarity) explained the most to RUE_P variation across the two seasons. Moreover, TN also influenced RUE_P by affecting biodiversity. Species richness (SR), functional attribute diversity (FAD2), and dendrogram-based functional diversity (FDc) were positively correlated with RUE_P in both seasons, while evenness was negatively correlated with RUE_P at the end of the rainy season. We also found that the effects of biodiversity and turnover on RUE_P depended on the lake trophic states. SR and FAD2 were positively correlated with RUE_P in all three trophic states. Evenness showed a negative correlation with RUE_P at the eutrophic and oligotrophic levels, but a positive correlation at the mesotrophic level. Turnover had a negative influence on RUE_P at the eutrophic level, but a positive influence at the mesotrophic and oligotrophic levels. Overall, our results suggested that multiple factors and nutrient states need to be considered when the ecosystem functioning predictors and the biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships are investigated.     

基塘水产养殖对水域氮磷的影响

基塘系统是一种相对封闭的人工生态系统，其鱼塘子系统中的营养盐－氮、磷既是鱼类生长的必需元素，又是水体中的限制性元素。氮、磷的变化受塘中水生生物活动（如光合作用、呼吸、排泄）、鱼类粪便、饲料投加、底泥等的影响，文中对基塘中氮磷的变化及影响因子进行探讨。     

总氮、总磷联合测定方法的改进

采用钼锑分光光度法测定总氮,考察了在提高温度的条件下,缩短消解时间对测定结果的影响。试验结果表明,调节氢氧化钠和过硫酸钾的用量,在同一溶液内测定总氮、总磷,并且将测定条件改为126～128℃,消解10min,其测定结果和与标准方法对照,精密度及准确度均令人满意。     

南、黄海及青岛地区大气气溶胶中无机氮组分的研究

于2004年冬季在青岛地区采集了大气气溶胶TSP(总悬浮颗粒物)样品,并于2005年3月和5月航次采集了黄、南海TSP和安德森分级样品,分析了气溶胶中无机氮组分(NO2-、NH4 、NO3-)的浓度,探讨了相应区域大气颗粒物中各种无机氮离子的区域分布、粒级分布.青岛地区冬季TSP的月平均值为102.00～227.00 μg·m-3;黄海TSP浓度为80.00～130.00 μg·m-3,低于青岛地区;南海TSP浓度最低,在30.167μg·m-3以下.NH4 -N是南、黄海及青岛地区大气气溶胶中主要的无机氮组分,占到总无机氮含量的53.14%～94.72%;其次是NO3--N,占到总无机氮含量的4.75%～46.64%;NO2--N对无机氮的干沉降贡献很小,仅占不到0.54%.NO3--N的粒径范围较宽,多数呈现双峰分布,峰值出现在4.7～7.0 μm和2.1～3.3 μm范围内;NH4 -N的粒径分布范围较窄,主要集中于1.1μm以下的细粒子范围内;NO2--N性质不稳定,其分布比较复杂.近年来,汽车尾气排放量的增大增加了青岛地区大气气溶胶中NO3--N的含量.     

Effect of long-term fertilization on soil nitrate distribution

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＦｅｒｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｉｓｅｓｓｅｎｔｉａｌｆｏｒａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ ,ｂｕｔｕｎｒｅａｓｏｎａｂｌｙａｐｐｌｙｉｎｇｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｚｅｒｓｃｏｕｌｄｒｅｓｕｌｔｉｎｓｅｒｉｅｓｏｆｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓｓｕｃｈａｓｃｒｏｐｑｕａｌｉｔｙｄｅｃｌｉｎｅ,ｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｚｅｒｕｓｅｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｃｙｄｅｃｒｅａｓｅ,ｒｅｓｉｄｕａｌｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｚｅｒｓｐｏｌｌｕｔｉｏｎ ｇｒｏｕｎｄｗａｔｅｒａｎｄｒｉｖｅｒｓａｎｄｎｉｔｒｏｇｅｎｃｏｎｔｅｎｔｅｄ …     

EM菌强化SBR脱氮除磷的试验研究

重点讨论了有效微生物群（EM）在SBR反应器中对生活污水的TP，NH3－N和TN和TN的去除效昆，结果表明，当EM投加量（VEM／V污水）为1／1000－1／1000时，能显著提高SBR工艺对TP，NH3－N和TN的去除率和降解速度，具有节能降耗的优点，当EM投加量（VEM／V污水）在1／1000－5／1000范围内，TN的去除率随EM量的增加而逐渐提高。     

一种序批式生物膜反应器及其氧传递系数测定

介绍了一种序批式生物膜反应器 ,并求出了在给定的工艺条件下的氧传递系数。结果表明 :本反应器有较强的氧传递能力 ,能满足微生物的新陈代谢和降解有机污染物的需要     

应用被动扩散管监测分析葫芦岛市环境空气NO2时空分布特征

被动扩散技术以其低成本、操作简单、空间覆盖率较高等优点已在西方国家广泛应用于环境空气质量监测与调查，辽宁省环保局通过欧盟项目引进，本技术在葫芦岛市环境空气质量监测应用有4年时间。依据4年环境空气被动扩散管监测基础数据，分析了解葫芦岛市城区大气中NO2时空分布特征：高浓度值出现在交通区，季节上呈现春季明显低于其它季节。     

海河流域土壤中氮的分布特征

对海河流域不同土壤类型中各形态氮的含量分布、水平及其垂直变化进行探讨,研究了在一定条件下土壤中氮的自然富集、增减途径、自然循环环境及分布特征,为研究该区氮的库存量、流通量以及自然循环奠定基础.     

环境样品监测中总氮低于氨氮的原因

环境样品监测中常出现的氨氮高于总氮现象,主要由从取样到数据处理过程中7个方面的因素造成,人为只能将其控制在一定范围内.得出上述结果,只要达到分析质量控制和质量保证要求,分析数据就应当是准确可靠的.