利用印染厂碱减量废水脱硫试验及其应用研究

介绍了化纤印染厂坯布前处理工序产生的碱减量废水作锅炉烟气SO2脱硫剂的试验研究结果，分析了碱减量废水脱硫反应过程及其机理，同时设计了一套经济适用的新型的文丘里旋流湿式脱硫除尘器。工业性试验运行结果表明，利用碱减量废水脱硫以废治废，经济效益和环境效益显著。     

稀土生产废水对四道沙河、西河和黄河水质的影响

本文通过大量的环境现状调查，论述了包头市稀土湿法生产企业废水污染物排放情况以及对接纳水体四道沙河、西河和黄河包头段水质的影响及变化趋势。针对存在的环境问题，提出了防治污染的对策与建议。     

废旧锂离子电池回收利用的研究现状

目前废旧锂离子电池的回收利用，重点是电极材料中有价金属的回收，主要是应用酸浸和溶剂萃取相联合的湿法冶金技术，其次将电化学技术用于浸出液中金属的沉积和对失效电极材料的直接修复也有相关的研究报导。根据锂离子电池的发展和未来的环境要求，今后的回收利用将朝综合处理和多元化处理技术的方向发展。     

天然水体中有机物检测方法的选择与优化

本文选取并优化了一种准确、易行、适合于天然水样中微量有机物的分析技术.天然水样品中有机物通过混合大孔径吸附树脂XAD-2与XAD-7(4:1,V/V)富集并用二氯甲烷洗脱.所有富集的有机物样品中均加入衍生化试剂N,O-双(三甲基硅基)三氟乙酰胺(缩写为BSTFA)硅烷化,最后采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析.为了实验的简便,我们的样品为模拟水样(4L添加定量5β-胆烷(挪威Chiron公司)的去离子水).     

兴文石林地质地貌景观的脆弱化趋势研究

兴文石林是喀斯特岩溶地质风景名胜区兴文石海的中心景区,喀斯特岩溶山地的生态环境具有一定脆弱特性,随着旅游业的不断发展,景区加大了开发力度,可能导致景区脆弱性的加剧,为了保证在旅游开发中能对景区重要的地质资源进行更好地保护,采用生态脆弱区评级指标及权重值评分法对兴文石林的10个主景点进行了研究,分析得出,兴文石林存在轻生态脆弱性、中生态脆弱性和强生态脆弱性三种梯度趋向,其中,脆弱性最强区域面积达到2平方公里的面积,这些区域分布在景区的边缘地带,因此,要实现旅游资源的可持续利用,必须对强生态脆弱性区域实行禁游和实行退耕还林等措施,以防止脆弱区域的扩大和脆弱性加剧.     

多目标决策-理想点法综合评价淮北市地下水环境质量

运用多目标决策-理想点法对淮北市地下水质量进行评价,结果表明淮北市地下水质量达到了Ⅱ类水质标准以上,能够达到当地地下水环境功能区划要求.评价结果与实际情况一致,评价方法较精确,具有一定科学性.     

应用δ~(13)C值探讨土壤中有机碳的迁移规律

C3 植物与C4 植物具明显的δ13C值差异 ,利用这种特性 ,选取荔波茂兰喀斯特森林边缘处这个C3植物—C4 植物转换生长的地点 ,分别采集森林与农田各三个剖面的土壤样品 ,根据测定其土壤总有机碳、不同粒径及不同比重组分的δ13C值间的相互关系来推导土壤有机碳的若干迁移规律     

儿童呼吸健康与颗粒物中元素浓度的关联分析

通过两步回归法研究了儿童呼吸健康与PM2．6和PM2．5－10中元素浓度的统计关联，发现了哮喘、支气管炎、气喘，慢性咳嗽和慢性咳痰与污染元素，土壤元素的某些关联性，比较了粗、细颗粒物中元素与呼吸健康反应之间的异同，提出了解释土壤元素与健康反应之间正向关联性的“土壤粒子团”假设。     

ECOSYSTEM DYNAMICS AND POLLUTION EFFECTS IN AN OZARK CAVE STREAM1

ABSTRACT: Subterranean ecosystems harbor globally rare fauna and important water resources, but ecological processes are poorly understood and are threatened by anthropogenic stresses. Ecosystem analyses were conducted from 1997 to 2000 in Cave Springs Cave, Arkansas, situated in a region of intensive land use, to determine the degree of habitat degradation and viability of endangered fauna. Organic matter budgeting quantified energy flux and documented the dominant input as dissolved organic matter and not gray bat guano (Myotis grisescens). Carbon/nitrogen stable isotope analyses described a trophic web of Ozark cavefish (Amblyopsis rosae) that primarily consumed cave isopods (Caecidotea stiladactyla), which in turn appeared to consume benthic matter originating from a complex mixture of soil, leaf litter, and anthropogenic wastes. Septic leachate, sewage sludge, and cow manure were suspected to augment the food web and were implicated in environmental degradation. Water, sediment, and animal tissue analyses detected excess nutrients, fecal bacteria, and toxic concentrations of metals. Community assemblage may have been altered: sensitive species‐grotto salamanders (Typhlotriton spelaeus) and stygobro‐mid amphipods—were not detected, while more resilient isopods flourished. Reduction of septic and agricultural waste inputs may be necessary to restore ecosystem dynamics in this cave ecosystem to its former undisturbed condition.     

BUILDUP,WASHOFF, AND EVENT MEAN CONCENTRATIONS1

ABSTRACT: Most watershed water quality simulation models require the user to specify pollutant buildup and washoff rate parameters for pollutants, by land use. Buildup and washoff rates are difficult to measure directly, and only limited guidance and few observed data are available from the literature. Many studies, however, report storm event mean concentrations (EMCs). These EMCs must arise as a result of the buildup and washoff processes, but typically represent the net contribution from a variety of pervious and impervious surfaces. This paper explores the relationship between EMCs and buildup/washoff parameters. An assumption of the mathematical form of the buildup/washoff relationship gives an algebraic expression for the EMC consistent with model assumptions. This yields techniques to separate observed EMCs into contributions from different land uses and from pervious and impervious surfaces. Given this relationship, numerical optimization may be used to estimate site specific values of buildup and washoff parameters from observed storm EMCs for use in modeling. Use of this approach helps ensure that model parameters are consistent with observed data, providing a rational starting point for final model calibration. Several site examples demonstrate use of the method.