废LCD面板有机材料水热资源化产乙酸

LCD面板主要由附着偏光片及液晶等有机材料的玻璃面板构成。有机材料的去除及资源化利用是废LCD面板处理的第一步。在水热条件下对废LCD面板进行了降解产酸研究。研究考察了反应温度、反应时间、氧化剂用量、水用量及pH值等对水热产乙酸产率及选择性的影响。通过正交实验确定了水热产乙酸的最佳操作条件：反应温度325℃，反应时间5min，氧化剂（30％H2O2）0．6mL，用水量2mL，近中性环境（pH6-6．5去离子水）。此条件下，乙酸产率及选择性分别为68．83％及70．56％。结果表明，以废LCD面板有机材料为原料，采用水热技术进行产乙酸反应，可实现其资源化再利用。     

地下水PRB原位生物修复中一种释氧材料的改进技术及效果分析

释氧材料经济有效的释氧是地下水原位生物修复的关键因素。实验通过在释氧材料中加入膨润土、磷酸二氢钾和硫酸铵等,改进释氧材料的性能。柱实验结果显示,该释氧材料释氧速率缓慢,释氧时间长,可以使溶液中DO长期保持在5 mg/L以上;另外,释氧材料中添加的缓冲剂及天然含水层介质对pH值有较好的缓冲作用,可以使pH值达到后续生物修复的要求。     

酸雨对建筑材料的影响及防治研究综述

综合分析了酸雨对建筑外墙的涂料、石材、混凝土等主要建筑构件的腐蚀原理，并提出了防治措施，来预防酸雨对建筑材料的侵害。     

Energy efficacy used to score organic refuse pretreatment processes for hydrogen anaerobic production

The production of hydrogen through Anaerobic Digestion (AD) has been investigated to verify the efficacy of several pretreatment processes. Three types of waste with different carbon structures have been tested to obtain an extensive representation of the behavior of the materials present in Organic Waste (OW). The following types of waste were selected: Sweet Product Residue (SPR), i.e., confectionary residue removed from the market after the expiration date, Organic Waste Market (OWM) refuse from a local fruit and vegetable market, and Coffee Seed Skin (CSS) waste from a coffee production plant. Several pretreatment processes have been applied, including physical, chemical, thermal, and ultrasonic processes and a combination of these processes. Two methods have been used for the SPR to remove the packaging, manual (SPR) and mechanical (SPRex). A pilot plant that is able to extrude the refuse to 200 atm was utilized. Two parameters have been used to score the different pretreatment processes: efficiency (ξ), which takes into account the amount of energy produced in the form of hydrogen compared with the available energy embedded in the refuse, and efficacy (η), which compares the efficiency obtained using the pretreated refuse with that obtained using the untreated refuse. The best result obtained for the SPR was the basic pretreatment, with η = 6.4, whereas the thermal basic pretreatment gave the highest value, η = 17.0 for SPRex. The best result for the OWM was obtained through a combination of basic/thermal pretreatments with η = 9.9; lastly, the CSS residue with ultrasonic pretreatment produced the highest quantity of hydrogen, η = 5.2.     

燃煤电厂袋式除尘器滤料耐氧化性能试验研究

燃煤电厂锅炉烟气中含有SOx和NOx,会氧化腐蚀滤料。试验研究了燃煤电厂布袋除尘器滤料断裂强力与运行时间的关系。结果表明,滤料在酸性环境中会被氧化同时断裂强力下降,但断裂强力下降后均会出现反弹,后处理工艺可提高滤料的抗氧化性能,但会降低滤料的断裂强力。     

环境生物样品预处理中的微波溶样技术

微波溶样是近年产生的一种崭新的有前途的样品预处理技术，本文评述这一技术在环境、生物样品消解方面的近期应用。     

长年关水稻田耕作改制的选择

试验研究表明,当早稻收获时间作晚稻才开始幼穗分化,即适宜早、晚稻出穗开花之间有60多天的时间,种植双杂间作稻就可获得好的收成,效果、效益都很显著。1992年用D 优287间汕优63,在达县永进乡的示范田中个别田块产量已达15t/ha,而盆地丘陵区适宜早、晚稻出穗开花之间的时间多数地区不到70天,种植双杂连作稻有困难。且双杂间作稻在抗灾增产,合理利用农村劳动力,提高稻田复种等方面优于双杂连作稻。因此,四川盆地丘陵区的中稻→冬水田在耕作改制中发展部分双杂间作稻是恰当的,其范围在巴中、盐亭、简阳一线以南海拔400m 以下的广大丘陵区。     

粉料无尘装车机工作原理及其在冶金厂矿的应用

介绍集装车与防尘统一于一体的无尘装车技术及具有设备本质安全化特点的无尘装车机在解决粉状物料装车作业时的扬尘问题,保护作业工人健康,维护厂区环境方面的重要优越性。     

浅谈我国逆反射材料现状及其发展趋势展望

随着逆反射材料的广泛应用 ,其带来的安全警示效果、产品质量、生产工艺、检测方法及规范管理等方面的问题被日趋重视 ,笔者通过对逆反射材料的基本构造及反光特性的分析 ,论述了其对人和物的安全防护作用 ,并对我国目前逆反射材料的应用领域、产品质量及检测设备、检测标准等方面的问题进行探讨和评述 ,根据国内外的发展趋势 ,对我国开发及发展逆反射材料产业提出了笔者观点 ,为政府决策提供科学依据     

Characterization of Dust Storms to Hong Kong in April 1998

In April 1998, two intense dust storms were generated in CentralAsia and transported eastward across East Asia (15 and 19 April). This article presents the chemical characterization ofHong Kong (HK) aerosols during the dust storms. During the 15 Aprildust storm, hourly respiratory suspended particles (RSP)(particle diameter smaller than 10 m) concentrationsmonitored at 7 sites in Hong Kong reached the peak valuessynchronously between 9 and 11 a.m. on 17 April, in which thehighest concentration was 267 g m^-3. Analysis ofthe RSP samples showed that concentrations of crustalelements (Ba, Ca, Cd, Cr, Fe, Mg, K⁺) and anthropogenicspecies (As, Ni, Pb, Zn, NH₄ ⁺, NO₃ ^-,SO₄ ^2- and total carbon) were substantiallyenhanced. Enhancement of these species was more than afactor of 2 to 14 relative to the non dust period. The totalcarbon content was high, at 59 g m^-3 (notincluding carbonate), and the enrichment factors of Asand Pb on 17 April were 122 and 117, respectively. Thisimplied that anthropogenic materials together with mineraldust were transported to HK from Mainland China. Based onmaterial balance calculations, mineral dust contributed41% to the observed RSP mass on 17 April, which was 2 times thatof the nondust sample (22%). From the 5-day backwardtrajectory analysis, this storm was transported directlyfrom Northwest China to HK. However, there was nocorresponding observation for the 19 April dust stormaerosol. Consequently, 15 April storm had stronger impact onHK's atmosphere than 19 April storm. Compared to the HK AirQuality Objective, 15 April dust storm did not cause seriousair pollution in HK.