稀土掺杂纳米TiO2光催化的研究进展

综述了近年来稀土掺杂纳米TiO2的研究进展，对其掺杂机理以及掺杂对TiO2晶型、晶粒、光谱响应范围、光催化活性等方面的影响进行了论述，并对今后的研究方向作了展望。     

La/Fe共掺杂TiO2纳米管阵列光催化降解制糖废水

利用阳极氧化法在0.5％(质量分数)HF电解液中20V电压下,对抛光处理过的钛片进行阳极氧化20 min,制得有序的TiO2纳米管阵列.同时,以甲基橙为目标降解物,20 W紫外灯(λ=253.7 nm)为光源,探讨了制备La/Fe掺杂TiO2纳米管阵列的最优工艺条件,并利用SEM、XRD对La/Fe掺杂前后TiO2纳米...     

废钯催化剂中钯的回收

介绍了利用废钯催化剂制备氯化钯的方法,研究了液碱浓度以及液碱用量对溶解过程中残留物含量的影响,以及王水浸出过程中硝酸残留量对钯回收率的影响。通过对影响因素的考察,确定最佳条件,钯的总回收率可达93%以上。     

剩余污泥高温好氧消化及其影响因素

为考察污泥高温好氧消化(TAD)的效能及其影响因素,通过自制的高温好氧消化反应器,研究TAD对有机物的去除、消化液的成分以及污泥停留时间(SRT)、曝气量等影响因素,结果表明:高温好氧消化对污泥的稳定效果较好,在温度55℃,SRT=8d条件下,VS去除率均高于42%,粪大肠杆菌数120～600MPN/gTS,回用安全性较高。在实验中发现,TAD中氮的去除率相当低,由于高温对硝化作用的抑制,使氮氨不能进一步转化为硝态氮。高温好氧消化的污泥停留时间为7～8d较适宜,当适当降低曝气量,使DO为0.3～1.0mg/L时,也能够达到满意的VS去除效果,同时节约能耗。     

SiO2纳米粉掺杂对薄膜光催化剂结构和活性的影响

针对固定膜光催化剂吸附能力差的缺陷,在催化剂的涂覆溶胶中掺杂具有较大比表面积的SiO₂纳米粉制备了一种新的TiO₂薄膜.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(TEM)和红外光谱(FTIR)等手段对催化剂进行表征发现,催化剂的晶相以锐钛矿为主,并含有少量的金红石,平均晶粒尺寸为27nm左右.其中掺杂的SiO₂以十几到几十纳米的无定型团簇形式分散于薄膜中,除了能增大薄膜的表面积外,对TiO₂的晶体结构和表面基团等性质几乎没有影响.光催化降解试验表明,SiO₂掺杂后薄膜的活性大大改善,并受掺杂SiO₂的原始粒径和掺杂量影响很大.此外,该催化剂还具有很好的稳定性,在连续30多天的使用中,对活性艳红X-3B的去除率一直维持在80%左右,活性未见降低.     

Ag–TiO2 doped photo catalytic degradation of Procion blue H-B dye in textile washwater

The photocatalytic degradation of Procion blue H-B dye in biodegraded textile washwater has been investigated for the complete removal of color and maximum reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD). Pseudomonas putida was utilized for obtaining biodegraded textile washwater. In this process, silver-doped TiO₂ photocatalyst was prepared and experiments were carried out to study the effects of UV and mercury lamp irradiations on COD reduction and removal of color. The thus prepared silver-doped TiO₂ catalyst was characterized by thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis, UV-visible spectrometer, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis, and BET surface area techniques. Adsorption studies were also carried out to evaluate the fitness of isotherm models. The results show that the silver-doped TiO₂ has enhanced the photodegradation of Procion blue H-B dye under UV and mercury lamp irradiations. The enhanced activity of silver-doped TiO₂ is due to the enrichment of electron–hole separation by electron trapping of silver particles.     

自制Cu-Bi2WO6的表征及其对苯酚的光催化降解

采用水热反应法制备Cu改性的Bi2WO6催化剂(Cu-Bi2WO6).采用XRD仪和紫外-可见光漫反射吸收光谱仪对自制Cu-Bi2WO6的结构进行了表征.考察了光催化降解工艺对Cu-Bi2WO6在可见光下催化氧化降解苯酚效果的影响.实验结果表明:自制Cu-Bi2WO6的吸收边带出现了明显红移,对可见光的利用率较Bi2WO6强;当水热反应pH为0.6时,Cu-Bi2WO6的光催化性能最好;在空气通入量为250 mL/min、Cu-Bi2WO6加入量为1.0 mg/L的条件下,光照反应210 min后苯酚降解率可达92.0％.     

Visible-light-driven heterostructured g-C3N4/Bi-TiO2 floating photocatalyst with enhanced charge carrier separation for photocatalytic inactivation of Microcystis aeruginosa

• Bi doping in TiO₂ enhanced the separation of photo-generated electron-hole. • The performance of photocatalytic degradation of MC-LR was improved. • Coexisting substances have no influence on algal removal performance. • The key reactive oxygen species were h⁺ and ^•OH in the photocatalytic process. The increase in occurrence and severity of cyanobacteria blooms is causing increasing concern; moreover, human and animal health is affected by the toxic effects of Microcystin-LR released into the water. In this paper, a floating photocatalyst for the photocatalytic inactivation of the harmful algae Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) was prepared using a simple sol-gel method, i.e., coating g-C₃N₄ coupled with Bi-doped TiO₂ on Al₂O₃-modified expanded perlite (CBTA for short). The impact of different molar ratios of Bi/Ti on CBTA was considered. The results indicated that Bi doping in TiO₂ inhibited photogenerated electron-hole pair recombination. With 6 h of visible light illumination, 75.9% of M. aeruginosa (initial concentration= 2.7 × 10⁶ cells/L) and 83.7% of Microcystin-LR (initial concentration= 100 μg/L) could be removed with the addition of 2 g/L CBTA-1% (i.e., Bi/Ti molar ratio= 1%). The key reactive oxygen species (ROSs) in the photocatalytic inactivation process are h⁺ and ^•OH. The induction of the Bi⁴⁺/Bi³⁺ species by the incorporation of Bi could narrow the bandgap of TiO₂, trap electrons, and enhance the stability of CBTA-1% in the solutions with coexisting environmental substances.     

碱金属改性Pd/γ-Al2O3催化剂三效性能的研究

考察了碱金属对氧化铝负载钯催化剂的改性作用,发现钾的作用最为明显,其三效起燃温度可降低50℃以上,在氧化还原数S=1．0和S=1．5两种条件下进行对比,表明碱金属的掺入可以拓宽催化剂的操作窗口,低电负性碱金属的掺入,一方面增强了电负性物种CO,NO和O2的吸附能力,同时减弱了电正性物种C3H6的吸附能力,另一方面,削弱了吸附态分子NO中N-O键的键能,促进其解离,抑制了N2O的生成。     

室温下消除CO的催化剂

本文考察了活性炭复合载体负载的、采用铂和钯金属络合物为初始化合物制备的负载型贵金属催化剂,在CO氧化反应中的催化性能。从中筛选出可在室温下消除CO的催化剂(编号CO-20-2),并试验了该催化剂在干、湿两种原料气氛下的活性和稳定性。与国内外用于同种反应的催化剂相比较,其活性和稳定性均较好。采用活性炭复合载体和与其匹配的活性组分初始物质Na_2PtCl_6和Pd(OAc)_2时,适宜的H_2还原温度范围为100—200℃,CO-20-2催化剂可在室温至45℃的低温范围内连续消除空气内的CO。