HCO3-在部分亚硝化中功能及对亚硝化效能影响

通过接种成熟的亚硝化生物膜研究了HCO3-在部分亚硝化过程的主要功能,为部分亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化联合工艺处理高氨氮低碳废水时亚硝化段碳源需求提供依据.结果表明,维持进水氨氮浓度不变,通过降低HCO3-浓度将进水C/N比维持在1.8时,反应器内亚硝化效能达到0.99kg/(m3·d);逐步降低C/N比至0.5时,因HCO3-不够维持亚硝化体系pH值环境,导致亚硝化效能下降至0.67kg/(m3·d).C/N比维持在0.75时,基本能够维持亚硝化过程所需要pH值为8的环境.亚硝化过程中HCO3-的消耗量与亚硝化效能具有明显的线性关系.当利用低浓度强碱将反应器内pH值维持在8时,空气和水中微量碳源就能够满足亚硝化过程的碳源需求,亚硝化效能最高达到1.28kg/(m3·d).说明HCO3-在部分亚硝化过程中主要功能是中和亚硝化过程产生的H+,维持亚硝化菌所需要的pH值环境.     

刺槐林恢复过程中土壤微生物碳降解酶的变化及与碳库组分的关系

为揭示黄土高原人工刺槐林恢复过程中土壤微生物碳降解酶活性的变化特征及与碳组分的响应关系,研究该区域不同恢复年限刺槐林土壤碳库组分、碳降解酶活性、微生物呼吸及其熵值的特征,探讨土壤微生物碳降解酶的变化及与碳库组分的关系.结果 表明,微生物呼吸(MR)随刺槐林龄增加呈先增加后减小趋势,微生物代谢熵(qCO2)随刺槐林龄增加...     

生活污水SNAD颗粒污泥快速启动及脱氮性能研究

采用SBR装置,接种CANON絮状污泥,通过控制沉淀时间、HRT、DO及进水基质组成（配水与实际生活污水的比例）,实现具有SNAD性能颗粒污泥的快速培养,并进一步通过降基质的方式,考察SNAD颗粒污泥在处理实际生活污水时的脱氮性能.结果表明：在反应器运行至第34d时,成功培养出具有SNAD性能的颗粒污泥;颗粒粒径最大可达1103μm,最大总氮去除负荷可达1.03kg/（m³·d）;同时在降基质运行过程中,CANON脱氮始终在反应器总氮去除中占优势地位,并最终实现生活污水中氮素、有机物的同步有效去除,出水TN平均为10mg/L,出水COD平均为40mg/L,达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级A排放标准.     

选择性排泥改善颗粒污泥亚硝化性能的研究

通过好氧颗粒污泥反应器160d的运行,考察了选择性分离颗粒污泥对改善短程硝化工艺长期稳定运行的有效性.反应器整个运行过程分3个阶段,在第一阶段污泥停留时间(SRT)仅通过出水中携带的污泥自行调控,SRT极高,造成颗粒污泥的解体以及短程硝化性能的恶化.阶段2和阶段3中通过排出颗粒污泥床顶部污泥,控制SRT分别为(45±5),(30±5)d,氨氧化细菌(AOB)活性有明显提升.NO2--N比累积速率由阶段1运行时的7.44mg/(g·h)上升至阶段2时的8.08mg/(g·h)和阶段3时的9.14mg/(g·h);相反,NO3--N比产生速率从3.01mg/(g·h)下降至SRT为(30±5)d时的1.54mg/(g·h);阶段3出水中亚硝化率达80%以上.以上结果表明,通过选择性分离颗粒污泥控制SRT是实现短程硝化颗粒污泥工艺长期稳定运行的一种有效调控策略.另外,分析认为反应器高径比越大以及引入与NOB竞争亚硝酸盐基质的微生物均有利于该策略的实施.     

北部湾沿海地区植被覆盖对气温和降水的旬响应特征

论文分析北部湾沿海地区植被覆盖对气候变化的响应,为该区域植被恢复和植被生产力研究提供依据.基于研究区2000--2011年423景SPOT-VEGETATION逐旬NDVI数据及逐日气温和降水数据,利用像元二分模型,相关分析,偏相关分析和时滞偏相关分析等数理统计方法,对研究区植被覆盖时空变化特征及与旬降水和旬均温的相关性及滞后性进行分析.结果表明:1)近12 a来,北部湾沿海地区植被覆盖度平均值呈增长趋势,由2000年的65.23%增加到2011年的72.02%,增加了6.79%;2)研究区植被生长季旬NDVI均值介于0.21~0.67之间,在不同时期变化是不同的,其值呈现出"降低--增长--降低"3种变化过程;3)各种植被类型与温度具有显著的相关关系,全部通过了0.01的显著性水平,且NDVI与温度的显著性水平高于NDVI与降水的显著性水平,说明北部湾沿海地区植被覆盖NDVI对气象因子中的温度更为敏感;4)NDVI与气温的时滞偏相关系数显著高于NDVI与降水的时滞偏相关系数,旬NDVI与旬降水的滞后时间多集中于6~9旬之间,而旬NDVI与旬气温的滞后时间多以0~5旬为主;5)不同类型植被的生长对气温和降水的响应时间不一致,但与水热条件时滞偏相关系数越高的植被类型响应时间越短.上述研究结果表明,近12 a来北部湾沿海地区植被处于恢复状态,且植被对降水和气温具有明显的阈值和滞后性.     

Identification of triploid trophoblast cells in peripheral blood of a woman with a partial hydatidiform molar pregnancy

In a woman with a partial hydatidiform molar pregnancy with 69,XXY karyotype, the presence of male fetal cells of trophoblastic origin was demonstrated in maternal blood by X/Y-chromosome specific PCR and by immunostaining combined with FISH on two cell populations isolated from maternal blood. Blood was obtained three weeks prior to the detection of fetal demise, at 13 weeks' gestation. Results were confirmed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded molar tissue, removed at 16 weeks' gestational age for therapeutic reasons. The results indicate that both plasma and cells from maternal peripheral blood might be useful for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis of fetal aneuploidies, as described in the current case with a partial molar pregnancy. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Second trimester maternal serum analytes in triploid pregnancies: correlation with phenotype and sex chromosome complement

Second trimester maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MS-AFP), human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), unconjugated estiol (uE3), and inhibin-A (INH-A) levels were evaluated in pregnancies complicated by triploidy. In addition to seven new triploid pregnancies, the results for 67 published cases were reviewed. All cases appear to fall into two major groups. First, those identifiable as screen-positive for both Down syndrome and an open neural tube defect (ONTD) with elevated MS-AFP, grossly elevated hCG, low/normal uE3, and probably elevated INH-A. Pregnancies in the second group are identifiable as screen-positive for trisomy 18 with low/normal MS-AFP, and very low hCG, uE3 and INH-A. Triploid pregnancies with high maternal serum hCG nearly always show a placenta with partial mole (25/27 or 93%), a high frequency of ONTDs or ventral wall defects (VWDs) (8/28 or 29%) and have either an XXX or XXY karyotype (observed ratio 6:10, respectively). Low hCG is infrequently associated with a molar placenta (1/11 or 9%), does not appear to be associated with ONTDs or VWDs (0/29 or 0%), and shows an excess of XXX over XXY karyotypes (observed ratio 17:2). There were 16 cases with either a molar placenta, an ONTD or a VWD that received the MS-AFP and hCG tests. All 16 were screen-positive for an ONTD (MS-AFP≥2 multiples of the median). In addition, all 31 cases that received MS-AFP, hCG, uE3 (and where available INH-A) were screen-positive for either Down syndrome or trisomy 18. The findings are discussed in the context of expected differences between digynic and diandric triploidy. It is suggested that the sex chromosome complement in triploidy is an important factor in determining risk for partial mole development and in utero survival. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A HYDROCLIMATIC APPLICATION STRATEGY FOR THE POISSON PARTIAL DURATION MODEL1

ABSTRACT: A strategy for formulating and testing the Poisson partial duration extreme value model is presented. The procedure is demonstrated using recorded Streamflow series from a humid subtropical region of the southern United States. The observed data series are partitioned by climatic causes and tested for both the Poisson assumption and the validity of the exponential as marginal distributions. Several statistical tests are utilized in making these determinations. Some important aspects of the model as applied to humid climates are demonstrated. It was found that a majority of Streamflow series could be represented by the model and that significant differences do exist between the arrival structures of floods resulting from different climatic mechanisms. However, these differences generally do not exist in the distribution of the flood magnitudes. In addition, it is possible that model validity is restricted by drainage basin size.     

Vent Sizing Criteria for Partial Volume Deflagration

The accidental spill of volatile solvents or the release of flammable gases within equipment and buildings is likely to form fuel concentration gradients unless efficient mixing is provided. As a consequence, even small amounts of fuel can form flammable clouds, and partial volume deflagrations may occur. Nevertheless, few indications are given in international guidelines for vent sizing and only over-conservative well-mixed stoichiometric assumptions are used. In this paper, we propose a predictive methodology for the evaluation of the dynamics of partial volume deflagration, aiming at defining useful correlations for the design of vent devices, starting from the fundamental equation for the rate of pressure rise and flame propagation in closed vessel. We define a ‘stratified gas deflagration index’ K_G(m), where m is the filling ratio, and use it with the most common design equations for vent sizing. The approach has been validated by means of a CFD code for the simulation of stratified laminar methane–air explosion by varying both filling ratio and volume.