Identification of triploid trophoblast cells in peripheral blood of a woman with a partial hydatidiform molar pregnancy

In a woman with a partial hydatidiform molar pregnancy with 69,XXY karyotype, the presence of male fetal cells of trophoblastic origin was demonstrated in maternal blood by X/Y-chromosome specific PCR and by immunostaining combined with FISH on two cell populations isolated from maternal blood. Blood was obtained three weeks prior to the detection of fetal demise, at 13 weeks' gestation. Results were confirmed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded molar tissue, removed at 16 weeks' gestational age for therapeutic reasons. The results indicate that both plasma and cells from maternal peripheral blood might be useful for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis of fetal aneuploidies, as described in the current case with a partial molar pregnancy. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Second trimester maternal serum analytes in triploid pregnancies: correlation with phenotype and sex chromosome complement

Second trimester maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MS-AFP), human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), unconjugated estiol (uE3), and inhibin-A (INH-A) levels were evaluated in pregnancies complicated by triploidy. In addition to seven new triploid pregnancies, the results for 67 published cases were reviewed. All cases appear to fall into two major groups. First, those identifiable as screen-positive for both Down syndrome and an open neural tube defect (ONTD) with elevated MS-AFP, grossly elevated hCG, low/normal uE3, and probably elevated INH-A. Pregnancies in the second group are identifiable as screen-positive for trisomy 18 with low/normal MS-AFP, and very low hCG, uE3 and INH-A. Triploid pregnancies with high maternal serum hCG nearly always show a placenta with partial mole (25/27 or 93%), a high frequency of ONTDs or ventral wall defects (VWDs) (8/28 or 29%) and have either an XXX or XXY karyotype (observed ratio 6:10, respectively). Low hCG is infrequently associated with a molar placenta (1/11 or 9%), does not appear to be associated with ONTDs or VWDs (0/29 or 0%), and shows an excess of XXX over XXY karyotypes (observed ratio 17:2). There were 16 cases with either a molar placenta, an ONTD or a VWD that received the MS-AFP and hCG tests. All 16 were screen-positive for an ONTD (MS-AFP≥2 multiples of the median). In addition, all 31 cases that received MS-AFP, hCG, uE3 (and where available INH-A) were screen-positive for either Down syndrome or trisomy 18. The findings are discussed in the context of expected differences between digynic and diandric triploidy. It is suggested that the sex chromosome complement in triploidy is an important factor in determining risk for partial mole development and in utero survival. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A HYDROCLIMATIC APPLICATION STRATEGY FOR THE POISSON PARTIAL DURATION MODEL1

ABSTRACT: A strategy for formulating and testing the Poisson partial duration extreme value model is presented. The procedure is demonstrated using recorded Streamflow series from a humid subtropical region of the southern United States. The observed data series are partitioned by climatic causes and tested for both the Poisson assumption and the validity of the exponential as marginal distributions. Several statistical tests are utilized in making these determinations. Some important aspects of the model as applied to humid climates are demonstrated. It was found that a majority of Streamflow series could be represented by the model and that significant differences do exist between the arrival structures of floods resulting from different climatic mechanisms. However, these differences generally do not exist in the distribution of the flood magnitudes. In addition, it is possible that model validity is restricted by drainage basin size.     

Vent Sizing Criteria for Partial Volume Deflagration

The accidental spill of volatile solvents or the release of flammable gases within equipment and buildings is likely to form fuel concentration gradients unless efficient mixing is provided. As a consequence, even small amounts of fuel can form flammable clouds, and partial volume deflagrations may occur. Nevertheless, few indications are given in international guidelines for vent sizing and only over-conservative well-mixed stoichiometric assumptions are used. In this paper, we propose a predictive methodology for the evaluation of the dynamics of partial volume deflagration, aiming at defining useful correlations for the design of vent devices, starting from the fundamental equation for the rate of pressure rise and flame propagation in closed vessel. We define a ‘stratified gas deflagration index’ K_G(m), where m is the filling ratio, and use it with the most common design equations for vent sizing. The approach has been validated by means of a CFD code for the simulation of stratified laminar methane–air explosion by varying both filling ratio and volume.     

pH对高氨氮渗滤液短程生物脱氮反硝化过程动力学的影响

为考察实际高氨氮垃圾渗滤液短程生物脱氮过程pH对以NO2--N为电子受体反硝化动力学的影响,本研究采用缺氧/厌氧UASB-SBR生化系统处理实际高氨氮垃圾渗滤液,在SBR系统实现稳定短程生物脱氮(120d运行)的基础上,取SBR反应器内的污泥进行不同NO2--N浓度(5、10、20、40、60、80和100mg·L-1)和恒定pH梯度(6.5、7.0、8.0和8.5)下的反硝化批次试验,基于建立的反硝化动力学方程,确定不同pH条件下以NO2--N为电子受体的反硝化动力学常数.试验结果表明,反硝化菌的还原活性受pH影响较大,pH6.5、7.0和8.5时的最大比反硝化速率(k)分别为pH8.0时的49%、61%和63%;4种pH条件下,NO2--N比反硝化速率与其初始浓度均符合Monod方程,然而不同pH下Monod方程曲线一级反应部分的长短不同,由此导致半饱合常数(Ks)和最大比反硝化速率(k)差异较大,pH8.0下Ks和k最大,分别为15.8mg·L-1和0.435g.g-1.d-1.     

城市生活污水排放量的影响因子分析及关联性研究

生活污水排放系统复杂、影响因素多种多样,从其内涵出发,分析主要影响因子,共选择3大类14个影响因子,它们之间存在着严重相关性问题,为了解决多重相关性问题,引入偏最小二乘回归方法,该方法可以有效克服多重相关性,并能够实现多种数据分析方法的综合应用;而人工神经网络具有学习和记忆能力,将二者相关联,可以较好地解决非线性问题。为检验影响因子选择的合理性和方法的适用性,以郑州市为例,对生活污水排放量和影响因子进行定量分析。结果表明,主要影响因子的选择合理,拟合和预测精度均较好。     

低C/N高氨氮消化污泥脱水液部分亚硝化研究

采用缺氧滤床+好氧悬浮填料生物膜工艺,在常温(15～29℃)高溶解氧(6～9 mg/L)条件下,于好氧反应器中实现和维持了脱水液部分亚硝化.试验结果表明:通过综合调控进水氨氮负荷(ALR)、进水碱度/氨氮、水力停留时间,可以调节出水NO₂^--N/NH₄⁺-N比率.当进水氨氮平均为315.80mg/L、平均进水ALR 为0.43kg/(m³·d)、进水碱度/氨氮为5.25时,出水NO₂^-N/NH₄⁺-N 为1.25左右,为后续ANAMMOX 工艺创造了进水基质条件。同时将好氧区游离氨（FA）控制在1.0～10.3mg/L,实现了亚硝酸盐氮累积率70%～80%的部分亚硝化。综合分析表明：通过动态调控维持反应器内适宜的FA浓度是实现部分亚硝化的主要影响因素。本研究开发了一种适合消化污泥脱水液水质特点的新型部分亚硝化技术。     

湛江电厂温排水对滨海水体生态环境的影响

2011年1月对湛江电厂温水排放口附近水域的生态环境进行了采样调查,分析了温排水对受纳水体的水温、溶解氧、营养盐、叶绿素a以及浮游植物的细胞密度、群落组成多样性和均匀度的影响。结果表明:电厂温排水主要影响表层水且范围较小;溶解氧虽随水温的变化稍有变化,但含量均在5.00 mg/L以上,符合渔业水域水质标准;温排水促进了受纳水体的富营养化,自然水温处至排水口中心,营养盐(无机氮、活性磷酸盐)、叶绿素a和浮游植物的细胞密度、种类数呈递增趋势;从浮游植物群落的多样性指数和均匀度分析,温排水提高了群落的多样性和抗干扰能力;在对浮游植物与主要环境因子间的偏相关性分析发现,浮游植物细胞密度和水温呈极显著正相关,相关系数为0.941 8(p<0.01),与活性硅酸盐呈显著负相关,相关系数为-0.892 4(p<0.05),与其他因子相关性不明显。     

基于偏最小二乘法的黄土湿陷性评价模型

基于统计学相关理论的黄土湿陷系数预测及评价方法是简化其工程应用的重要途径。当前采用多元回归方法建立黄土湿陷系数预测模型过程中往往缺乏对自变量间多重相关性对预测精度影响的合理考量。基于上述考虑,该文分别采用普通多元线性回归方法和偏最小二乘回归方法建立了黄土湿陷系数的多因素(天然含水量、初始孔隙比和压缩系数)回归模型并对二者精度进行了对比验证。结果表明:偏最小二乘方法在消除自变量之间多重相关性对结果的扰动方面成效显著,采用偏最小二乘回归分析方法获取的回归模型预测效果明显优于普通多元线性回归方法获取的回归模型。黄土湿陷系数与天然含水量和初始孔隙比之间存在显著的正相关关系。压缩系数对湿陷系数的解释能力较差,即使通过偏最小二乘分析方法依然无法正确体现其对湿陷系数的微弱影响,在后续相关回归分析中不宜将压缩系数作为湿陷系数的自变量。     

逆流湍动床短程硝化反应器的运行性能及基质抑制动力学模型

采用模拟含氨废水和逆流湍动床(inverse turbulent bed.ITB)反应器研究了短程硝化工艺的运行性能及基质抑制动力学模型.结果表明,采用"预挂膜"和"快速排泥"的联合挂膜方法,以及"低浓度,高负荷"的启动策略,可在20 d将ITB短程硝化反应器NH4+-N负荷升至0.59 kg·(m3·d)-1,实现快...