现行脱硫技术存在排放温室气体的隐患

工业革命以来,由于人类活动持续大量排放温室气体,使得全球出现了持续性的气候变暖趋势,而为了治理局部的和区域的SO2污染问题,大规模的脱硫活动在我国急速增加,这势必大幅增加CO2的排放,加剧气候变暖的进程,如果我国大型火电厂的脱硫率达到80%,按照2005年全国SO2排放量已经达到0.2549Gt计算,采用现行脱硫方法将每年向大气中排放0.088Gt的CO2。将占我国CO2年排放量的10%,对人类赖以生存的地球形成严重威胁。因而,需要研究脱硫的无碳工艺,以及碳捕集、碳储存、碳利用技术,树立综合的环境意识,在控制大气污染、减排温室气体与保护臭氧层方面寻找结合点。     

石化废水剩余污泥厌氧消化预处理技术

石化废水剩余污泥在厌氧消化时,污泥停留时间长,且产气量较低,并且反应器容积较大,所需资金投入较高。污泥厌氧消化预处理能够改变污泥特性,缩短了后续消化时间,提高甲烷产量,减少剩余污泥量。综述了各种污泥预处理技术的最新进展,分析了石化污泥厌氧消化预处理的可行性。     

Political commitment to CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> capture and storage: evidence from government RD&;D budgets

For CO₂ capture and storage (CCS) to succeed as a mitigation strategy, political commitment is one of several prerequisites. This article offers an appraisal of political commitment to a CCS strategy among high-income countries in Europe and North America: Which governments are committed, and what particular interests and concerns do they seek to accommodate by supporting CCS? In order to answer these questions, new data are reported on government CCS research, development and demonstration (RD&;D) budgets. RD&;D budgets divided by GDP is used as an indicator of political commitment, and explanations are sought for cross-national differences. The analysis shows that fossil fuels reserves and extraction within a country has a very strong bearing on funding levels. Likely explanations include the potential for combining CCS with enhanced resource recovery. All large economies (population >50 million) have a funding program. The smaller states that provide funding (Norway, Canada, the Netherlands) have the highest funding levels relative to GDP. These findings suggest that high-income petroleum producing countries are likely to be leaders in promoting CCS and a favorable regulatory environment. The fact that all large, high-income countries in the two regions now display some interest in CCS further improves its political outlook.     

热重点斜法快速评估氟硅橡胶贮存寿命

阐述了热重点斜法（TPS）的基本原理。利用热重分析法求算出氟硅橡胶的功能性活化能E,同时开展373.15 K下热空气老化试验,然后参照JB/T 1544-1999计算氟硅橡胶贮存寿命,并对热重点斜法提出了分析和讨论。     

调蓄池在排水系统中的研究进展

城市排水系统是城市非常重要的一个组成部分。中国大部分城市的旧城区采用的是合流制排水系统,新建区域则多规划采用分流制排水系统,调蓄池在各排水系统中起着重要的作用。本文探讨了调蓄池在国内外的发展、调蓄池的功能及设计方法,并介绍了中国调蓄池的研究及应用状况,指出调蓄池可有效削减排水系统雨季污水排放量,并改善排放水质,从而改善了城市水体环境。文章最后对调蓄池的未来研究方向进行了展望。     

采油井口储罐加温装置的改进

针对采油井口储罐明火直接加温法安全系数较低、易发生事故、不符合国家标准要求的问题进行了改进,介绍了撬装式加温预热装置的流程及设备,经试用热效率提高,未发生生产事故。     

基于Wiener过程的DRO加速退化试验方法研究

针对微波介质振荡器（DRO）样本量少、寿命长、贮存试验费用高的困难,提出了适用的基于Wiener过程的SSADT（Step-stress Accelerated Degradation Testing）试验方法,并给出试验方案。根据贮存期失效分析和环境应力分析,给出了加速方程。结合预试验结果,将DRO的性能退化过程建模为Wiener过程。为提高寿命预测精度,对模型参数统计量的无偏性和渐近方差进行分析,并对试验方案进行了优化设计。最后用仿真算例验证了方法的正确性。     

Methane emissions during storage of different treatments from cattle manure in Tianjin

Many studies on methane emissions from animal manure have revealed that animal manure is a major source of methane emissions to the atmosphere that can have negative consequences for people,animals and environment.In general,the release of methane can be influenced by the type of feed taken by animals,temperature,manure characteristics and so on.This study aimed at quantifying and comparing methane release from dairy manure with different piling treatments.Four treatments were designed including manure piling height 30,45,60 cm and adding 6 cm manure every day until the piling height was 60 cm.Static chamber method and gas chromatography were adopted to measure the methane emissions from April to June in 2009.Methane emission rates of all four manure treatments were low in the first week and then increased sharply until reaching the peak values.Subsequently,all the methane emission rates decreased and fluctuated within the steady range till the end of the experiment.Wilcoxon nonparametric tests analysis indicated that methane emission rate was greatly influenced by manure piling height and manner.There were no significant relationships between methane emission rates and the temperatures of ambience and heap.However,regression analysis showed that the quadratic equations were found between emission rates of all treatments and the gas temperature in the barrels.     

建立石化企业安全生产管理信息系统初探

在分析石化企业安全生产信息管理现状与目标的基础上,阐述了建立石化企业安全生产管理信息系统的必要条件,提出了系统设计的原则、网络规划,重点介绍了信息系统的结构与功能.     

镇海炼化公司作业场所健康促进效果评价

对镇海炼化公司所采取的石油化工作业场所作业人员健康促进措施进行了效果评价.评价结果发现,职工职业安全卫生知识知晓率、正确态度和行为形成率有所提高,健康促进工作初见成效.