MES在原油长输管道上的应用

MES是面向执行层的工厂层信息系统,MES作为生产与计划之间的信息纽带,为ERP系统和控制系统提供关键接口,将两者的信息有效连接起来,使整个企业有了一个无缝链接的完整的信息平台。介绍了MES的结构及其在长输管道中的应用,MES是长输管道良好的信息平台。     

上海市制药行业废水特征污染因子控制指标分析

制药工业特别是生物制药是上海市六大支柱产业之一,而在制药生产过程中存在着原辅料投入量大产出比小、污染严重的问题。针对制药企业在生产中的原辅材料、工艺过程、产品环节中可能产生有毒有害有机物等进行了调研分析;对比国内外相关排放控制标准,提出了制药工业污废水排放中特征污染因子控制指标的建议。建议补充18种特征污染因子,其中包括1种重金属及无机物、16种有机污染物和1项生物安全因子。     

SBR处理制药废水影响因素的研究

结合工程实际采用水解酸化-SBR工艺处理制药废水,处理水量为2 000 m3/d。SBR对CODcr的处理率稳定在92.2%～95.8%间,平均为94.23%,对氨氮的去除率在82.7%～97.6%,平均去除率达到90.73%。水解酸化-SBR稳定运行后,系统出水各项指标均达到国家《污水综合排放标准》(8978-1996)二级排放标准。运行结果表明,SBR运行最佳参数为:曝气时间8小时,污泥负荷控制0.23～0.28(kg CODcr/kg MLSS.d),温度26℃～30℃。该工艺用于处理高浓度制药废水效果稳定,耐冲击负荷高。     

A system model for green manufacturing

Manufacturing systems evolution is afunction in multiple external and internal factors. With today’s global awareness of environmental risks as well as the pressing needs to compete through efficiency, manufacturing systems are evolving into a new paradigm. This paper presents a system model for the new green manufacturing paradigm. The model captures various planning activities to migrate from a less green into a greener and more eco-efficient manufacturing. The various planning stages are accompanied by the required control metrics as well as various green tools in an open mixed architecture. The system model is demonstrated by an industrial case study. The proposed model is a comprehensive qualitative answer to the question of how to design and/or improve green manufacturing systems as well as a roadmap for future quantitative research to better evaluate this new paradigm.     

电化学双极法处理高浓度含铜黄连素制药废水

采用电化学双极法处理高浓度含铜黄连素制药废水。在分析其水质特征的基础上,分别考察了极板间距、电流和初始pH等因素对废水中黄连素和Cu2+去除率的影响。结果表明:无需添加电解质与氧化剂,在极板间距为2.0cm,电流为4.0 A,不调节废水pH的条件下,处理时间300 min内,黄连素和Cu2+浓度分别由初始的1 700和22 000mg/L下降至120和55.0 mg/L,去除率达93.3%和99.9%以上。通过计算得出,铜的平均回收率达到97.1%,即处理每t废水可回收铜21.4 kg。由此可见,电化学双极法既降解了废水中黄连素,又回收了大部分的铜。     

制药工业水污染物环境风险预警技术研究进展

经济的快速发展和欧美制药工业低附加值中间产品生产向亚洲等不发达地区的转移,直接导致了我国制药工业水污染物的污染急速加剧,对人们的饮用水及生活构成威胁。文章介绍了制药工业水污染预警技术在国内外的发展状况以及制药废水预警技术与公共安全的关系,进一步展望了我国制药工业水污染物预警技术的发展趋势。希望以此促进我国制药工业水污染物预警技术的未来发展,增强人们利用制药工业水污染物预警技术监测、防范制药工业水污染物的环境风险和公共安全危害的意识和能力。     

UASB厌氧反应器处理制药废水实验研究

通过UASB厌氧反应器对制药废水进行了实验研究。研究表明,在中温条件下,当进水CODcr浓度从1 240 mg/L提高到5 062 mg/L时,有机物去除率稳定在65.6%80.1%。过高的盐分对废水的厌氧处理过程具有明显的抑制作用,当进水电导率达到14 224μs/cm 17 300μs/cm时,有机物去除率下降了20%左右。因此,在实际工程设计中,除了考虑进水有机物浓度和容积负荷等工艺参数外,还应注意控制进水盐度。     

8种典型PhACs在水中的赋存、生态风险及其对大型溞的影响

检测了8种典型的药物活性化合物(PhACs)在污水处理厂尾水受纳河流中的赋存情况.结果显示8种PhACs夏、冬两季总浓度范围分别为27.6～226.4 ng·L~(-1)和56.6～368.8 ng·L~(-1),其中咖啡因的浓度最高(16.2～125.8 ng·L~(-1)),其次是罗红霉素(3.3～89.2 ng·L~(-1))和布洛芬(3.6～59.2 ng·L~(-1)). 8种PhACs对绿藻、溞类和鱼类的总体生态风险(MRQ)在夏、冬两季分别为1.51、 0.08、 5.68和8.34、 0.22、 6.45,其中酮康唑、红霉素和布洛芬对藻类、溞类和鱼类MRQ的贡献率分别达到了49%、 85%和92%以上.从敏感物种来看,冬季绿藻对PhACs最为敏感,夏季鱼类对PhACs最为敏感.环境浓度下PhACs对大型溞21 d混合暴露实验结果显示:混合PhACs能够显著干扰大型溞的生长、生殖情况,显著提升了大型溞生殖能力和游泳活性,降低了心脏和胸肢跳动频率.     

直升机桨叶安装螺栓强度与疲劳寿命计算分析

目的 分析桨叶安装螺栓在不同位移载荷真实试车载荷以及螺牙缺齿情况下的剩余强度以及疲劳寿命。方法 基于有限元方法分析不同载荷下桨叶安装螺栓的对数应变,依据失效应变判定其强度,提取有限元模型的单元应力,通过临界平面法计算最大组合应力平面,运用曲线走势、损伤准则预估桨叶安装螺栓的疲劳寿命。结果 0.36 mm位移载荷下螺栓应变未达到破坏值,真实试车载荷超过4倍情况下,螺栓失效的可能性较高,螺栓断牙超过2个,失效风险较高。依据试车载荷谱,初始长度螺栓寿命为20 794 h,初始长度螺栓断1螺牙寿命为10 912 h,拉伸至29.36 mm螺栓疲劳寿命为7 725 h。结论 在额定载荷状态下,材料结构破坏的可能性小。实际载荷超过4倍、螺栓断牙超过2个情况下,应力应变状态显著恶化,桨叶安装螺栓失效的风险较高,需要预防超载荷过大的情况,还需在修理过程中关注螺栓螺纹的损伤情况,即螺纹的正常磨损可不作为故障进行更换,但出现掉牙、断牙情况则需要更换。     

Green supply chain initiatives among certified companies in Malaysia and environmental sustainability: Investigating the outcomes

The relationship between green supply chain initiatives and performance outcomes has been subject to numerous studies but the results are not conclusive. This study tries to assess the actual environmental, economic and intangible outcomes resulting from the adoption of green supply chain initiatives. This study used a structured questionnaire derived from the literature and employing a mail survey to collect responses form a group of 569 ISO 14001 certified firms in Malaysia. The results of testing the hypotheses that predicted that green supply chain initiatives have positive effect on the outcomes showed that eco-design have significant positive effect on the four types of outcomes (environmental outcomes, economic outcomes, cost reductions, and intangible outcomes). Reverse logistics was found to have significant positive effect on cost reductions only. However, green purchasing was not found to have significant effect on any of the four types of outcome. Through designing environmentally friendly products and taking back products and packaging, business organizations can generate benefits to the environment, in the form of reduced waste and better resource utilization, in addition to economic benefits and cost reductions to the organizations.