高效脱硫菌的筛选及其性能研究简

从高硫污染的活性污泥中富集培养，分离纯化得到一株可以降解噻吩的菌株S-4，并对该菌株的形态特征进行观察。应用Design-Expert8.0.5b软件进行响应面优化实验，研究了反应时间、噻吩浓度、微生物浓度3个因素的组合对菌株S-4脱硫效果的影响，并拟合得到多元二次回归方程，得出最佳实验条件。拟合结果表明，当反应时间27.46 h，噻吩浓度为1.04%，微生物浓度4.04%时，预测噻吩降解率为14.8%，通过验证得最佳条件下的降解率为14.3%，与预测值相符。     

MnO_2陶粒臭氧氧化催化剂的制备及其性能

以凹凸棒土为载体、MnO_2为活性组分,制备了MnO_2陶粒臭氧氧化催化剂,并以草酸为模拟污染物,采用响应面法对催化剂的制备条件进行了优化。实验结果表明:各因素对草酸去除率影响的显著性顺序为MnO_2投加量盐酸溶液质量分数煅烧时间煅烧温度。催化剂的最佳制备条件为:MnO_2投加量200 mg/g,盐酸溶液质量分数20%,煅烧时间2 h,煅烧温度400℃。在初始草酸质量浓度150 mg/L、溶液pH 3.11、臭氧投加量8.10 mg/min、臭氧-氧气曝气量400 m L/min的条件下,最佳条件制备的催化剂在反应30 min时的草酸去除率达66.99%。催化剂具有良好的活性稳定性,且催化过程中Mn~(2+)溶出量低。催化剂具有较大的比表面积,负载的MnO_2类型为α-MnO_2和β-MnO_2。     

Optimization of pretreatment conditions for enhanced sugar release

Present investigation was done to evaluate various algal genera found in water bodies of Varanasi city. The potential of any biomass for biofuels (bioalcohols, biohydrogen, etc.) production depends on the quantity of extractable sugar present in it. Acid (H₂SO₄) and alkali (NaOH) pretreatment were performed, and H₂SO₄ was chosen due to its nearly double yield as compared with alkaline pretreatment. Response surface methodology was utilized for the optimization of operating parameters such as treatment temperature, time, and acid concentration. Sugar yield up to 0.33 g/g of dry biomass was obtained using cyanobacterial biomass of Lyngbya limnetica, at 100°C, 59.19 min, and H₂SO₄ concentration of 1.63 M.     

基于碳普惠制的城市公共自行车个人碳减排量计算

碳交易是为促进全球温室气体减排、减少全球二氧化碳排放所采用的市场机制。广东省作为中国七个碳交易试点之一,将碳交易的核心理念应用于促进居民生活减碳,首次提出碳普惠制创新。碳普惠制旨在将公众的低碳行为量化并予以激励,以此促进低碳生活实践,降低生活领域碳排放。本文以公共自行车交通系统为研究对象,借鉴CCER方法学,对公共自行车项目的个人减排量核算方法进行了设计,并参考文献统计数据举例说明个人减排量核算公式。公共自行车项目个人减排量核算的方法学设计中,减碳系数的计算考虑自行车可代替的所有出行方式,且在不同出行方式比例的统计中考虑出行距离的影响,设置随出行距离变化的减排系数,在减排量的计算中有效突出个人的减排贡献量。依据本方法学计算得到了城市公共自行车项目个人减排系数曲线及减排量核算公式。最后从数据收集的角度出发,提出相应的改进建议以提高方法学的科学性及适用性。本方法学能客观评估城市公共自行车出行的个人碳减排量,为碳普惠制的实施提供量化方法学参考,同时填补了目前个人碳减排核算研究领域的空白。     

Value Plurality among Conservation Professionals

Abstract: Debate on the values that underpin conservation science is rarely based on empirical analysis of the values conservation professionals actually hold. We used Q methodology to investigate the values held by international conservation professionals who attended the annual Student Conference in Conservation Science at the University of Cambridge (U.K.) in 2008 and 2009. The methodology offers a quantitative means of examining human subjectivity. It differs from standard opinion surveys in that individual respondents record the way they feel about statements relative to other statements, which forces them to focus their attention on the issues they believe are most important. The analysis extracts the diverse viewpoints of the respondents, and factor analysis is used to reduce the viewpoints to a smaller set of factors that reflect shared ways of thinking. The junior conservation professionals attending the conference did not share a unifying set of core values; rather, they held a complex series of ideas and a plurality of opinions about conservation and how it should be pursued. This diversity of values empirically challenges recent proposals for conservation professionals to unite behind a single philosophy. Attempts to forge an artificial consensus may be counterproductive to the overall goals conservation professionals are pursuing.     

响应面法优化UV/H_2O_2光氧化法处理高浓度LAS废水

采用响应面法对UV/H2O2光氧化法处理高浓度LAS废水的工艺参数进行了系统研究。根据Box-Behnken Design(BBD)设计原理,以初始pH与H2O2投加量、反应时间和温度为主要影响因素,设计4因素3水平共29个实验点的实验方案,并建立了二次响应面拟合模型。方差分析表明,初始pH与H2O2投加量、反应时间和温度以及初始pH和H2O2投加量、H2O2投加量和温度之间的交互作用,对实验结果具有显著性影响。实验得到的光氧化高浓度LAS废水最佳工艺条件,pH为4.0,H2O2投加量为40 mmol/L,反应时间为90 min,温度为25℃,在此条件下,LAS的平均去除率为98.1%。     

安全人性学的方法论研究

为正确利用和改善安全人性及有效开展安全教育,有必要开展宏观层面的安全人性方法论研究。首先,给出安全人性学方法论的定义及研究内容。基于人性学方法论和安全科学方法论等,构建包括时间维、数量维、专业文化维、环境维、技术维和理论维的安全人性学方法论的多维结构体系。其次,从学科特性出发,描述了安全人性学的研究方法,确立了安全人性学研究的一般步骤;并在此基础上,建立安全人性学研究的范式体系。研究表明,安全人性学方法论是在安全人性学原理以及相关理论的指导下所形成的系统化和程式化思想,对安全人性学的研究有理论指导作用。     

A methodological framework and tool for assessing the climate change related risks in the banking sector

Although climate change risks have been studied for a number of economic sectors, banking has received relatively little attention. The paper proposes a methodology and an associated decision-support tool for quantifying, in monetary terms, the risks for banks from the exposure of their loan recipients and/or applicants to climate change. The framework and tool are applied to a case study based on input from a Greek bank; results indicate that climate change risks for banks are considerable, and thus decision makers need to estimate their magnitude and possibly consider these within the credit management process, and in environmental planning.     

Success and failure assessment methodology for wastewater and faecal sludge treatment projects in low-income countries

Many factors influence success and failure of large-scale faecal sludge and wastewater treatment projects in low-income countries. Benchmarking indicators and multicriteria analysis were adapted to define key institutional, technical and financial factors, to analyse their interrelations, and understand priorities to consider when planning and managing treatment plants. For the first time, these methods have been combined in a quantitative manner to assess planned and on-going treatment plant projects. This new methodology will aid sanitation utilities, private consultants, and funding institutions to prioritise activities and organise the operation of treatment plants.     

Optimization and evaluation of an air-recirculated stripping for ammonia removal from the anaerobic digestate of pig manure

An air-recirculated stripping involved two processes and did not require any pretreatment. First, stripping CO₂ decreased the buffer capacity of the anaerobic digestate, thereby reducing the amount of lime used to achieve a high pH. Second, lime was added to increase pH and remove ammonia from the anaerobic digestate of pig manure. pH increased from 8.03 to 8.86 by stripping CO₂ in the first process (gas-to-liquid ratio = 180) and further reached 12.38 in the second process (gas-to-liquid ratio = 300). During process optimization, the maximum ammonia removal efficiency reached 96.78% with a lime dose of 22.13 g. The value was close to 98.25%, which was the optimal result predicted by response surface methodology using the software Design-Expert 8.05b. All these results indicated that air-recirculated stripping coupled with absorption was a promising technology for the removal and recovery of nitrogen in the anaerobic digestate of pig manure.