基于原代培养背角无齿蚌鳃细胞的镉毒性效应评价

为了探究淡水贝类背角无齿蚌鳃细胞的原代培养途径，并阐释其在评价水体Cd²⁺毒性效应上的潜力，本研究比较了不同酶分解方法（链霉蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶）的鳃细胞存活率差异，并分析了L-15培养基中不同血清浓度（10% FBS、20% FBS）对鳃细胞存活率的影响，细胞置于20℃生化培养箱中培养.进而根据Cd²⁺对鳃细胞的LC₂₅值设定0.0625、0.125、0.25、0.5和1.0 mg·L^-1 5个Cd²⁺理论浓度梯度，对原代培养的鳃细胞进行24 h暴露，分析了细胞活力、总超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和酸性磷酸酶（AcP）的变化特征.结果表明：0.025%链霉蛋白酶在4℃分解16 h的鳃细胞存活率为98.2%±0.2%，显著高于0.25%胰蛋白酶在26℃分解30 min的89.4%±3.5%鳃细胞存活率（p<0.05）；L15培养基加入10% FBS的细胞存活率总体显著高于添加20% FBS的细胞存活率（p<0.05）.在上述较佳的分解和血清浓度组合条件下，细胞培养120 h后，其存活率仍高达90.1%±4.7%.鳃细胞活力随着Cd²⁺浓度的增加而降低，两者之间呈显著的线性负相关（p<0.05）；随着Cd²⁺浓度的增加，SOD和AcP含量总体增加，而CAT含量呈现出"诱导-抑制"的变化趋势.本研究初步建立了较为适宜的背角无齿蚌鳃细胞的原代培养方法，并揭示了其原代培养鳃细胞的细胞活力及SOD、CAT、AcP水平，具有作为评价水环境Cd²⁺毒性/污染的生物指标的潜力.     

3种活性污泥法处理工艺的生命周期能耗分析

运用LCA方法对普通活性污泥法、AB活性污泥法和厌氧水解－活性污泥法3种处理系统从其原材料开采和加工开始直至污水厂施工建设、处理运行以及废弃拆除的LC全过程能耗进行了识别和量化分析,并进行相互比较。研究结果表明,在微孔和穿孔管2种曝气条件下与普通活性污泥法相比,厌氧水解法的LC能耗分别省节14．0％和17．6％,并且比能耗可大幅降低40．5％－43．0％。AB法的LC能耗分别节省9．5％和15．8％,但由于产泥量较大而比能耗仅与普通活性污泥法相当。     

Detection of low-grade mosaicism in fetal cells isolated from maternal blood

Recovering and analysing fetal erythrocytes from maternal blood is being pursued for non-invasive prenatal genetic diagnosis. We report the observation of 46, XY/47, XXY mosaicism in fetal cells from a woman whose first-trimester chorionic villus sampling (CVS) initially showed only 46, XY. Only after exhaustive (500 cells) analysis were four XXY cells found in cultured villi.     

Study on nitrile-degrading microorganisms

Two strains of bacteria were isolated from nitrile polluted soils, and identified as Corynebacterium boffmanii and Arthrobacter flavescens. Acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile and acrylonitrile were degraded by these bacteria to yield corresponding amides, carboxylic acids and ammonia. The nitrile-degrading abilities of these strains were investigated. The removal rates for the nitrile were nearly 100%, after these bacteria were grown in medium containing 10000 ppm of aceto-, propio-, or butyronitrile at 28 ℃ for 24h. When the reaction mkture consisting of 5000 ppm of above mentioned nitriles or acrylonitrile and 20g (dry cell) /L resting cells of the two strains in 0.06mol/L phosphate buffer (pH7.5) was incubated separately at 25 ℃ with moderate shaking for 15 or 45 min, the nitrile could be degraded completely. The optimum growth conditions for C.hoffmanii and A.flavescens were studied as well.     

Extraction of DNA from amniotic fluid cells for the early prenatal diagnosis of genetic disease

Ten-ml samples of amniotic fluid were taken from pregnancies being terminated at 8–14 weeks' gestation. DNA was extracted from the amniotic cells by sequential centrifugation and analysed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Fifteen samples were analysed for evidence of maternal contamination using Mfd5 oligo-nucleotide primers for repeat polymorphisms. Ten amniotic fluid samples were tested for the Delta-F₅₀₈ deletion characteristic of cystic fibrosis to demonstrate a diagnostic application for the technique. In each case, DNA extracted from fetal tissue from the same pregnancy was included in the controls. In 14 of the 15 cases tested with the Mfd5 primers, both the amniotic fluid DNA and the fetal DNA showed no evidence of contaminating DNA. In one case, neither the amniotic fluid cells nor the fetal cells yielded results. In nine of the ten cases tested with the Delta-F₅₀₈ primers, the amniotic fluid cell DNA provided accurate information about the genetic status of the fetus; in the tenth, the fetal DNA failed to amplify. The results indicate that adequate DNA can be extracted from amniotic fluid from 8 weeks' gestation onward and these samples are suitable for prenatal diagnosis using PCR.     

导流明沟人工湿地治理橡胶废水实践

运用人工湿地原理，采用明沟导流治理橡胶生产废水，其工程投资低，占地面积小，运行稳定，易于管理，去除率高，处理后废水达到国家标准。     

炼油污水处理场技术改造

对广州石化炼油新污水处理场现状进行了分析 ,针对存在问题 ,通过更换原有设备 ,增加新设备对其进行了技术改造 ,大大地提高了外排污水合格率     

本体法聚丙烯装置危险性分析及应对措施

从原辅材料、生产过程、设备因素、人的因素等方面分析了本体法聚丙烯装置的危险性,提出了具体的防治措施.     

铜离子冲击下活性污泥微生物多样性的分子生态学分析

采用基于 16SrDNA序列分析方法 ,在长度多态 (LPM)和 16SrDNA的GC含量二维水平分析了受重金属污染的活性污泥系统内细菌的优势种类和多样性 .设计的PCR引物可以将细菌分为三大类 :即 1)proteobacterialα&δ(变形杆菌α&δ) ,2 )pro teobacterialβ&γ(变形杆菌 β&γ) ,以及 3)flexibacter(屈桡杆菌 )和革兰氏阳性菌 .分析了未受重金属驯化和受重金属驯化的两类活性污泥系统在重金属作用下优势种和多样性的变化 ,结果显示未驯化的活性污泥系统多样性减少但优势种的变化微小 ,而驯化系统优势种有较大的变化 ,但多样性基本不变 .这一结果证实驯化有助于提高微生物对重金属的抗性     

泥炭保护紫花苜蓿根系对柴油污染土壤修复的研究

采用盆栽试验,观察了泥炭保护根系移栽和直播2种栽培方式处理的紫花苜蓿在柴油污染土壤中的生长情况及其对土壤中柴油污染物的去除情况,探讨了利用泥炭保护根系措施清除土壤柴油污染物的可行性.结果表明,泥炭保护根系处理有利于紫花营蓿根系形态发育,能促进根系细菌和真菌的繁殖,并显著提高根区土壤柴油降解率.