中外大城市震灾管理模式的对比分析

对随机选取的8个发生在大城市的地震，分为发达国家和发展中国家两组，分别对其造成的死亡人数和经济损失以及震前准备、震后救援、致灾因素等管理措施进行了统计对比，并归纳出应该吸取的经验教训。     

湿式高效除尘脱硫装置的试验研究

本文介绍了一种高效除尘脱硫装置三相流化床的性能和原理，并对三相流化床除尘脱硫工业中试系统的试验结果进行了分析。试验表明三相流化床除尘效率可达９５６脱硫效率达７０％，运行安全可靠。     

具有开发前景的药用植物活性成分──紫杉醇、β－胡萝卜素、三七皂甙、小蘖碱、齐墩果酸

本文对紫杉醇、β－胡萝卜素、三七皂甙、小蘖碱、齐墩果酸的来源、分布、含量、应用、市场及提取分离等方面作了简要概述，指出了开发利用途径．     

COORDINATION OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE AC A CASE STUDY OF LAKE RESTORATION1

ABSTRACT: The potential for joint public and private action for lake restoration is examined using Lake Apopka, Florida, as a case study. Initial calculations indicate that private incentives alone are inadequate to attract investment in a facility to grow and harvest water hyacinths for conversion to methane gas. However, the private externality of water quality improvement associated with harvesting water hyacinths provides a key linkage between the public's water quality objectives and the private gas producer's actions. In order to establish the potential basis for negotiation, the public's willingness-to-pay for environmental services associated with improved water quality is estimated and compared with the estimated subsidy required to induce private action. A conceptual framework is then presented for coordinating actions between private firms and public water management agencies in order to internalize the private externality of water quality improvement while simultaneously achieving the public and private objectives. Results indicate that the subsidization of water hyacinth production and harvesting compares favorably with alternative means of enhancing the water quality of Lake Apopka.     

Critique of present wetlands mitigation policies in the united states based on an analysis of past restoration projects in San Francisco Bay

A detailed evaluation of past wetland restoration projects in San Francisco Bay was undertaken to determine their present status and degree of success. Many of the projects never reached the level of success purported and others have been plagued by serious problems. On the basis of these findings, it is debatable whether any sites in San Francisco Bay can be described as completed, active, or successful restoration projects at present. In spite of these limited accomplishments, wetland creation and restoration have been adopted in the coastal permit process as mitigation to offset environmental damage or loss of habitat. However, because the technology is still largely experimental, there is no guarantee that man-made wetlands will persist as permanent substitutes for sacrificed natural habitats. Existing permit policies should be reanalyzed to insure that they actually succeed in safeguarding diminishing wetlands resources rather than bartering them away for questionable habitat substitutes. Coastal managers must be more specific about project requirements and goals before approval is granted. Continued research on a regional basis is needed to advance marsh establishment techniques into a proven technology. In the meantime, policies encouraging or allowing quid pro quo exchanges of natural wetlands with man-made replacements should proceed with caution. The technology and management policies used at present are many steps ahead of the needed supporting documentation.     

The use of invertebrates to detect small-scale habitat heterogeneity and its application to restoration practices

Recent conceptual and technological solutions to biodiversityassessment allow large numbers of invertebrate specimens to beprocessed rapidly and provide researchers and practitioners with a unique tool for characterizing habitats. One applicationof these advances is the ability to detect and monitor small-scale habitat heterogeneity and so provide a measure of ecosystem restoration. This case study presents a test of theefficacy of using invertebrates to assess and monitor ecologicalrestoration following bush regeneration. Eight contiguous habitatpatches within a suburb of northern Sydney, Australia, were selected to represent areas that had undergone different bushregeneration techniques. A nearby and relatively undisturbed area of bushland was also sampled. A total of 57 806 ground-active invertebrate specimens from 35 different orders were collected in pitfall traps. 1 246 ant (Formicidae) specimens were further sorted into 46 ant morphospecies from20 genera. Analyses of the three taxonomic data sets, includingtwo different data transformations, demonstrated that: (i) invertebrate communities successfully characterized different sites, providing a high degree of differentiation among sites;(ii) ordinations of the sites allowed visual assessment of theimpact of each management technique on the habitat relativeto undisturbed habitats; and (iii) characterization of sitescould be achieved using abundance classes or binary countsof ant morphospecies, representing potential cost and timesavings. The project duration was a total of three personweeks and cost less than US$3,000 (1999 prices) to complete.Measurement of invertebrate assemblages will provide a toolfor both rapid assessment of management decisions and ameans by which to implement adaptive management and restoration.     

Modeling distribution changes of vegetation in China under future climate change

Climatic change will result in great changes in vegetation. In this paper, a biogeographical model, the BIOME1, was used to predict potential vegetation distribution in China under climate change. Firstly, the BIOME1 was validated according to the climate–vegetation relationships in China. Kappa statistics showed that the validated BIOME1 was able to capture the geographical patterns of vegetation more accurately. Then, the validated BIOME1 was used to predict the distribution of vegetation of China under two climatic scenarios produced by a Regional Circulation Model, RegCM2/CN. The simulation results showed obvious northward shifts of the boreal, temperate deciduous and evergreen and tropical forests, a large expansion of tropical dry forest/savanna and reduction of tundra on the Tibetan Plateau. Three vulnerable regions sensitive to climate changes are pointed out, i.e., Northern China, the Tibetan Plateau and Southwestern China (mainly Hengduan Mountains in Yunnan Province and west of Sichuan Province). In recent decades, China has experienced dramatic industrialization and population growth, which exert strong pressure on the environment of China. The consequences of climate changes warrant more attention for maintaining a sustainable environment for China.     

湖泊中水下植物光合作用对溶解氧和pH值的影响

文章研究了湖泊中水下植物光合作用对湖水ＤＯ和ｐＨ的影响，提出了预测ＤＯ和ｐＨ变化的计算方法     

燃气红外干化污泥对肥效及农用安全性的影响

自行研制的以煤气为能源的污泥干化中试成套设备，干化城市污水处理厂污泥，并对污泥肥效、病原体杀灭效果以及重金属含量的变化进行了研究，结果表明，经该套设备处理后，污泥的肥效保持不变，重金属含量也未发生变化，而污泥中的大肠杆菌和蛔虫卵全部被杀灭。处理后的污泥可在我国中、碱性土壤上作农肥使用。     

蔗糖厂废水处理技术进展

蔗糖厂废水除废醪液外，还有洗滤布水和冲灰水，混合后先作物化预处理，再进入生化系统，最后依次经物化处理及生物滤池后可达标排放。这一工艺可一水多用，提高循环用水率，还可用于膜除尘，回收物又是较好复混肥。