基于地理设计的智慧国土空间规划框架构建——以县级国土空间总体规划为例

县级规划是中国“五级三类”国土空间规划体系的重要落实单元。面向智慧国土空间规划的要求，借鉴经典地理设计（Geodesign）框架并拓展方法与技术体系研究，构建Geodesign国土空间规划框架，重点对框架下县级国土空间总体规划的编制流程、关键问题、主要任务及方法与技术支撑进行分析。模型是框架的核心。“评价模型”践行“生态文明”理念，开展国土空间生态风险评价；“变化模型”以“智能决策”为目标，融合多目标规划与人工智能算法，衔接指标约束与空间管制；“影响模型”落实“以人为本”理念，提出公众参与规划的思路与方法。Geodesign国土空间规划框架需要传统方法、技术与大数据、互联网、人工智能、决策支持系统等新兴技术的融合与共同支撑。本文拓展了智慧国土空间规划方法论研究，贡献了生态化、智能化、人本化规划理念的实现路径。     

雷州半岛富硒区土地质量地球化学评价及其利用区划研究——以城月地区为例

本文根据雷州半岛城月地区1∶5万土地质量地球化学调查成果，对城月地区表层土壤硒含量、分布特征、土壤环境质量、农产品的安全性及富硒耕地利用分区进行了研究。结果表明：城月地区土壤环境质量较好，表层土壤硒平均含量为0.546 μg/g，大宗农作物安全性高，富硒土壤面积占研究区总面积的61.52%。土壤Se与土壤酸碱度、有机质含量、Fe、Al等密切相关。根据重金属环境质量等级、硒元素含量等级、营养元素丰缺等级，将研究区内农用地分为：优质富硒农用地、一般农用地、差等农用地。并在农用地分等的基础上，结合城月地区目前的农产品种植类型，以及田块是否富硒为主要划分依据，提出了富硒农产品种植规划建议。将周宅-后泼村一带划分为富硒重点种植规划区（一类区），建议开展绿色富硒农业种植。城月镇北部、五里堂村两侧以及潭泮洋-庆丰村一带（二类区），建议种植果蔗或者当地特色薯类。司马塘-农中-调丰村一带（三类区），建议发展优质水稻种植。广丰水库西侧以及合水村南部（四类区）及牛库水库-后泼村一带（五类区）建议微调现有种植结构，在规避重金属元素高背景的同时，对富硒土地资源的合理利用。     

地震系统基层领导者如何做好有效决策之探讨

通过对重庆市黔江区小南海古地震遗址的保护的申报立项和综合开发问题的决策过程 ,从理论和实践两个方面论述了领导者应如何作出有效决策。主要是深入调查研究 ,找出关键问题 ;组织和依靠专家评审 ,选择最佳方案 ;合理冒险与避险 ,作出大胆决策。     

Lessons from other disciplines for setting management thresholds for biodiversity conservation

Successful, state-dependent management, in which the goal of management is to maintain a system in a desired state, involves defining the boundaries between different states. Once these boundaries have been defined, managers require a strategic action plan with thresholds that initiate management interventions to either maintain or return the system to a desired state. This approach to management is widely used across diverse industries from agriculture, to medicine, to information technology, but it has only been adopted in conservation management relatively recently. Conservation practitioners have expressed a willingness to integrate this structured approach in their management systems, but they have also voiced concerns, including lack of a robust process for doing so. Given the widespread use of state-dependent management in other fields, we conducted an extensive review of the literature on threshold-based management to gain insight into how and where it is applied and identify potential lessons for conservation management. We identified 22 industries using 75 different methods for setting management thresholds in 843 studies. Methods spanned six broad approaches, including expert driven, statistical, predictive, optimization, experimental, and artificial intelligence methods. The objectives of each of these studies influenced the approaches used, including the methods for setting thresholds and selecting actions, and the number of thresholds set. The role of value judgments in setting thresholds was clear; studies across all industries frequently involved experts in setting thresholds, often accompanied by computational tools to simulate the consequences of proposed thresholds under different conditions. Of the 30 conservation studies examined, two-thirds used expert-driven methods, consistent with prior evidence that experience-based information often drives conservation management decisions. The methods we identified from other disciplines could help conservation decision makers set thresholds for management interventions in different contexts, linking monitoring to management actions and ensuring that conservation interventions are timely and effective.     

Improving species-based area protection in Antarctica

Area protection is a major mechanism deployed for environmental conservation in Antarctica. Yet, the Antarctic protected areas network is widely acknowledged as inadequate, in part because the criteria for area protection south of 60°S are not fully applied. The most poorly explored of these criteria is the type locality of species, which provides the primary legal means for Antarctic species-based area protection and a method for conserving species even if little is known about their habitat or distribution. The type locality criterion has not been systematically assessed since its incorporation into the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty in 1991, so the extent to which the criterion is being met or might be useful for area protection is largely unknown. To address the matter, we created and analyzed a comprehensive database of Antarctic type localities of terrestrial and lacustrine lichens, plants, and animals. We compiled the database via a literature search of key taxonomic and geographic terms and then analyzed the distance between type localities identifiable to a ≤ 25km² resolution and current Antarctic Specially Protected Areas (ASPAs) and human infrastructure. We used a distance-clustering approach for localities outside current ASPAs to determine candidate protected areas that could contain these unprotected localities. Of the 386 type localities analyzed, 108 were within or overlapped current ASPAs. Inclusion of the remaining 278 type localities in the ASPA network would require the designation of a further 105 protected areas. Twenty-four of these areas included human infrastructure disturbance. Given the slow rate of ASPA designation, growing pace of human impacts on the continent, and the management burden associated with ASPAs, we propose ways in which the type locality criterion might best be deployed. These include a comprehensive, systematic conservation planning approach and an alternative emphasis on the habitat of species, rather than on a single locality.