Habitat, Landscape and Bird Composition in Mountain Forest Fragments

The study attempts to separate the effects of forest fragmentation related to landscape (patch area, isolation) and habitat (altitude, vegetation structure) on bird community composition in a mountain pine forest. Bird composition was related, using a multivariate approach (canonical correspondence analyses), to either habitat or to landscape, eliminating the effect of habitat statistically. Bird composition and species richness varied with patch area and isolation from large pine stands, but this effect could be assigned principally to variation in vegetation structure and altitude. Another effect, that of increasing occurrence and numbers of Anthus trivialis with decreasing distance to nearest low-altitude forest, could be assigned to both habitat (grass cover) and landscape (connectivity effects). Management implications are drawn from the results.     

快速断电安全技术中半导体中性点开关结构性能的研究

对我国目前半导体中性点开关的结构 ,工作过程 ,性能进行了分析 ;现行中性点开关所存在的问题为电路拓扑结构不合理 ,关断时间过长或过短 ,过长不满足快速断电安全技术的要求 ,过短又易引起过电压 ,使中性点开关失控。笔者提出了采用绝缘门极双极性晶体管 (IGBT) ,构成半导体中性点开关的可行方案。同时指出 ,开发新型快速断电安全技术装置 ,将大大提高我国煤矿安全技术水平     

试论我国农业环境保护战略问题

我国是发展中的国家，农业在国民经济中占有十分重要的地位，环境污染和生态破坏是农业潜伏着的生态危机，也是农业发展过程中亟待解决的重大问题。如何从我国农业环境问题的特点和农业经济现状出发，制定出与农业经济发展相适应遥农业环境保护战略，是我国农业发展和环境保护工作中的一项重要任务。本文就我国农业环境保护的战略地位和作用、指导思想和方针、目标和重点、措施等一系列战略问题，进行初步探讨。     

减灾平衡点

文章依据经济学的原理提出了减灾平衡点的概念,并初步分析了它的特征及其实际意义。所谓减灾平衡点是指社会总体投资利益最大时减灾投资在社会总投资中所占的位置;此时,减灾投资利润率与社会正常生产投资利润率相当。     

掘进巷道粉尘控制技术的研究

针对掘进巷道的特点,研制了一种高效实用的自激式水浴水膜除尘器,并对其结构、除尘过程和与掘进机相配套的方式进行了研究分析。还对掘进巷道中的产尘源进行了调查和分析,认为掘进巷道的防尘方法：应先采用掘进机头的内外喷雾,然后采用长压短抽的通风除尘系统和利用除尘器将含尘空气进行净化;对转载点除尘采用简易闭密罩加喷雾;对巷道周壁的粉尘采用喷洒粘尘剂固尘,才能有效地降低整个巷道的粉尘浓度。     

全面提高成人高校学报质量的思考

针对全国报刊治理整顿后多数学报由内部发行转为正式学报类期刊的新情况,本文从学报业务工作的几个方面对全面提高成人高校学报(以下简称“成高学报”)办刊质量进行了较详细的论述,旨在对成高学报的办刊工作起到一些促进作用。     

Prioritizing Wetland Restoration for Sediment Yield Reduction: A Conceptual Model

In a climate of limited resources, it is often necessary to prioritize restoration efforts geographically. The synoptic approach is an ecologically based tool for geographic prioritization of wetland protection and restoration efforts. The approach was specifically designed to incorporate best professional judgment in cases where information and resources are otherwise limited. Synoptic assessments calculate indices for functional criteria in subunits (watersheds, counties, etc.) of a region and then rank the subunits. Ranks can be visualized in region-scale maps which enable managers to identify areas where efforts optimize functional performance on a regional scale. In this paper, we develop a conceptual model for prioritizing watersheds whose wetlands can be restored to reduce total sediment yield at the watershed outlet. The conceptual model is designed to rank watersheds but not individual wetlands within a watershed. The synoptic approach is valid for applying the sediment yield reduction model because there is high demand for prioritizing disturbed wetlands for restoration, but there is limited, quantitative, accurate information available with which to make decisions. Furthermore, the cost of creating a comprehensive database is prohibitively high. Finally, because the model will be used for planning purposes, and, specifically, for prioritizing based on multiple decisions rather than optimizing a single decision, the consequence of prioritization errors is low. Model results cannot be treated as scientific findings. The conclusions of an assessment are based on judgement, but this judgement is guided by scientific principles and a general understanding of relevant ecological processes. The conceptual model was developed as the first step towards prioritizing of wetland restoration for sediment yield reduction in US EPA Region 4.     

巢湖流域农村畜牧业发展与非点源污染研究

目前，巢湖流域非点源污染问题突出。着眼于畜牧业和环境的协调发展，通过对研究区畜牧业生产的实地考查、分析和计算得出结论：畜牧业生产的快速发展、不合理和未加利用的畜牧粪便及畜牧业产品生产加工过程中产生的有机污物是巢湖流域非点源污染的重要原因，来源于畜牧业生产的非点源污染的氮就足以使巢湖水质劣于Ⅲ类标准。最后探讨了解决巢湖富营养化的控制措施。     

区域开发战略环境影响评价总体思路与技术要点

以内蒙古"十一五"规划战略环境影响评价为例,分析了战略环境影响评价与建设项目环境影响评价的差异,提出了战略环境影响评价是从"决策-源头-过程-末端"的全过程评价;其技术要点是突出区域环境和经济社会协调发展为核心的总体思路,重点把握战略环境影响评价6大特性即整体性、区域性、特色性、科学性、前瞻性和可操作性;其技术方法主要包括战略决策失灵分析法、战略决策灰色分析法、环境影响矩阵识别法、产业关联和物流分析等定性方法,以及GIS技术平台的图层叠置法、承载压力度分析、情景分析和模拟分析等定量方法.     

外来生物入侵关键点控制管理体系——基于风险管理的研究

将风险管理理论与外来生物入侵风险分析相结合，借鉴食品质量控制中的关键点控制原理，提出了防止外来生物入侵风险的关键点控制方法。针对人类有意引种、随人类活动无意引入以及自然传入3类外来生物入侵的传入途径，在入侵途径上确定若干个风险控制关键点，有针对性地提出了相应的控制措施，以减小外来生物的入侵风险，提高我国在防止外来生物入侵方面的管理与控制效率。