表面活性剂在矿山尘毒治理中的应用及展望

对表面活性剂用于矿山尘毒治理的几种主要途径进行了综合阐述,并进一步探索了表面活性剂在该领域应用的研究方向。     

环境科研中计算机防毒与杀毒软件的探讨

在现代环保工作中离不开对计算机的使用,而对计算机病毒的防护和处理是极为重要的,该文介绍了计算机病毒的识别原理,杀毒软件的基本工作原理及常用的病毒防范技术,对环境科学研究计算机应用过程中的病毒防范和清除处理具有重要参考作用.     

松花江有机污染物的污染特征研究

松花江地处寒冷地区,每年冰封期长达5个月之久,其环境污染特征与国内其它大江河有着明显的不同.冰封期有机毒物污染加重是松花江最重要的环境污染特征;松花江流域存在着工业企业的点源污染和地表径流带来的面源污染,研究表明,松花江流域的有机毒物污染是以点源污染为主;有机毒物对江水中CODMn的贡献值极小,甚至不产生贡献.江水中CODMn值不能反映出有机毒物的污染状况.     

含氰废水处理技术

含氰废水处理工艺很多,综合国内外工艺和技术,提出Ａ／Ａ／Ｏ多级生化处理工艺,对复杂的含氰废水具有很强的实用范围。该工艺在水中投加絮凝剂,用溶气气浮法处理,进入厌氧水解并进入Ａ／Ｏ生化,沉淀出水,达标排放。该工艺有效地解决进水的负荷冲击,确保出水达标,实现污水总量控制     

Impact of withdrawal from market on the pattern of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors reported to Texas poison control centers

The cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor rofecoxib was withdrawn from the US market on September 30, 2004, and valdecoxib was withdrawn on April 7, 2005. The impact of these actions on COX-2 inhibitor exposures reported to poison control centers was unknown. The objective of this study was to describe the pattern of COX-2 inhibitor exposures reported to Texas poison control centers before and after rofecoxib and valdecoxib were withdrawn. The number of celecoxib, rofecoxib, and valdecoxib exposures reported to Texas poison control centers each month during 1999–2006 was identified and examined for changes over time. Comparisons were made with respect to those exposures reported immediately prior to withdrawal (October 2003–September 2004) and to exposures after withdrawal (April 2005–December 2006). The mean monthly number of reported exposures prior to withdrawal was 18.8 for celecoxib, 20.3 for rofecoxib, 13.3 for valdecoxib, and 51.5 for total COX-2 inhibitors. The mean monthly number of reported exposures after withdrawal was 9.3 for celecoxib, 1.8 for rofecoxib, 1.3 for valdecoxib, and 12.3 for total COX-2 inhibitors, representing declines of 51, 91, 90, and 76%, respectively. The withdrawal of rofecoxib and valdecoxib from the market resulted in a decrease in the number of COX-2 inhibitor exposures reported to Texas poison control centers. However, rofecoxib and valdecoxib exposures continued to be reported for a long time after withdrawal. Reported celecoxib exposures declined even though it was not withdrawn from the market.     

Total release fogger exposures reported to Texas poison centers, 2000–2009

Total release foggers or “bug bombs” are products designed to fill an area such as a home or workplace with insecticide. Because of their method of action, unintentional exposures may occur. Cases for this retrospective study were all fogger exposures reported to Texas poison centers during 2000–2009. The distribution of cases was identified for various demographic and clinical factors. There were 2855 fogger exposures. Among the patients 56.0% were females and 69.5% were 20 years or older. Considering the exposure circumstances 95.6% were unintentional and 62.2% occurred through inhalation. The management site was 75.2% on site. The medical outcomes were no effect (11.8%), minor effect (25.1%), moderate effect (7.4%), major effect (0.1%), not followed (no effects expected) (3.5%), not followed (minimal effects expected) (39.3%), not followed (potentially toxic) (4.9%), and effects probably unrelated to exposure (7.7%). The most frequently reported clinical effects were cough (25.4%), vomiting (13.3%), nausea (9.2%), dyspnea (8.7%), throat irritation (7.9%), and headache (5.6%). The public needs to be educated about the potential hazard of exposures to foggers. However, most fogger exposures reported to poison centers are not likely to be seriously toxic and can be managed at home.     

国家标准GB 30188-2013《电焊条生产行业防尘防毒技术规程》解读

本文主要介绍了国家标准GB 30188-2013的意义、适用范围和内容,重点强调了电焊条生产行业有害物质及其对人体的健康危害,以及工程防治技术,为我国电焊条生产行业及其相关领域人员使用标准提供帮助。     

全Pd三效催化剂研究涂层材料的研究

制备了作为Pd三效催化剂涂层材料组成的活性Al2O3/金属氧化物添加剂试样,用BET法、XRD法及H2－TPR法对这些涂层原材料体系进行表征。结果表明：金属氧化物添加剂提高了活性Al2O3的热稳定性;添加ZrO2改善了CeO2的热稳定性;与含Ca的试样不同,含La试样没有贮氧能力。用含有Al2O3-CeO2/ZrO2和Al2O3-La2O3/BaO的涂层材料制备的Pd催化剂有好的CO,HC和NOx同时净化的三效性能和低的起燃活性。加入0．003％（V／V）SO2降低了催化剂活性,含La2O3/BaO涂层材料的Pd催化剂上NOx反应易被SO2中毒。     

氯气泄漏爆炸和中毒事故应急处置

主要从氯气的理化性质、危险特性、毒性等入手,探讨氯气泄漏、爆炸事故的应急处理措施,以及氯气中毒后的急救措施,为氯气泄漏爆炸事故应急处置提供基本技术支持.     

腹泻性贝类毒素标准样品研制

为解决贝类产品检测实验室严重缺乏贝类毒素标准样品的现状,保证小鼠生物法及酶联免疫法等腹泻性贝类毒素检测结果的准确,可靠和可比,本研究制备出腹泻性贝类毒素标准样品。将腹泻性贝类毒素阳性的新鲜贝类去壳后取中肠腺,匀浆,冷冻干燥等步骤制备冻干粉,均匀性和稳定性检验结果表明该样品均匀,稳定,满足标准样品的要求,以多家实验室定值的方式对标准样品进行定值,定值结果采用标准值±扩展不确定度的方式表示:即(8.83±0.60)×10-6(k=2)。该标准样品可用于腹泻性贝类毒素检测过程的方法验证与质量控制。