成都平原农用土壤重金属污染现状及防治对策

随着工业化进程的加快和农业生产中化肥和农药不合理施用使得农用土壤重金属污染风险逐渐增大。本文对成都平原农用土壤和农作物重金属污染现状进行了综述，发现农用土壤和蔬菜中重金属污染均以Pb、Cd和Hg三种元素为主。分析了重金属离子在土壤一植物系统中迁移的一般规律及其影响因子，分析了农用土壤重金属污染的主要原因，为预防和防治污染提供了一些建议。     

江河水源地突发性水污染事故风险评价

近年来,我国江河饮用水水源地突发性水质污染事故频发,成为我国面临的最严重的环境问题之一.江河水源地突发性水质污染事件的风险评价是确保饮用水源地水质安全的重要手段,对突发性水质污染事故,采取适当的应急处理措施.     

Statistical Analysis of Air Pollutants and Meteorological Parameters in Afyon, Turkey

In this study, the relation between sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and particulate matter (PM) concentrations periodically measured in the city of Afyon’s atmosphere with meteorological factors such as precipitation, humidity, temperature, wind velocity, and inversion were investigated. The mean values of SO₂ and PM concentrations measured during the winter months of October–March 1990–1999 were correlated with the meteorological parameters of the same period. Simple and multiple linear regression analysis were utilized to evaluate the contribution of meteorological variables. The statistical results show that the pollutants, i.e., SO₂ and PM are dependent upon humidity, temperature, and inversion at the 1% significance level; while the dependence of both pollutants with temperature is negative when those of humidity and inversion are positive. Two models in which temperature and inversion are dependent with multiple variables are recommended for predicting the contribution of meteorological parameters on SO₂ and PM. In addition, the relationship between humidity, temperature, and inversion with pollutants is also determined using nonlinear (polynomial) models.     

假单胞菌好氧降解四溴双酚A的特性

为了解四溴双酚A(TBBPA)的好氧降解特性,采用选择富集法从活性污泥中分离出一株能够高效降解四溴双酚A的菌株。根据其形态、生理生化特性及16S rDNA核苷酸序列分析,该菌株被鉴定为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.)。研究结果表明,该菌株可通过好氧共代谢方式实现四溴双酚A的降解,葡萄糖是四溴双酚A降解的最佳碳源,其最优降解条件为葡萄糖8 g/L,牛肉膏0.5 g/L,pH值为7.0,培养温度为35℃,摇床转速为150 r/min。在该条件下其生物降解过程符合一级动力学模型,6 d后的降解率高达95.6%。LC-MS结果表明,四溴双酚A在好氧降解过程中会生成异丙苯酚类物质。     

新疆某伴生放射性钒矿氡浓度水平调查及防治措施的探讨

在伴生矿的勘探、开采过程中,如果井下工作场所通风不足,矿石、土壤和岩石等所释放的氡气会造成局部的放射性污染,因此了解伴生矿矿井中氡气的水平并探讨有效的防护措施是非常必要的。本文就新疆某矾矿在矿井建设初期和通风设施建成后两时间段的氡浓度水平及防治措施进行探讨,并提出相应的防护措施和建议。     

广州PM2.5污染特征及影响因素分析

对广州市2008—2010年PM_2.5质量浓度、影响因素数据资料进行整理统计,通过定性分析、定量计算以及对各物理量之间的相互作用过程研究,得出PM_2.5质量浓度变化特征和各影响因素之间的关系。结果表明,PM_2.5质量浓度变化呈现夏季和非夏季2种典型的季节性特征,夏季月平均值0.049 mg/m³,主要分布在0.03～0.05 mg/m³,非夏季月均值为0.063 mg/m³,分布于0.05～0.08 mg/m³之间;夏季、非夏季PM_2.5质量浓度超标率(采用美国EPA标准)分别为70.7%、77.8%,质量标准2倍、3倍以上出现的概率都表现出明显的季节性差异;PM_2.5与温度正相关,和其他因素负相关,其中与能见度相关性最大,其次是温度、风速,与降雨量相关性最差,与气压、相对湿度相关系数季节性特征显著。     

探索环境经济政策的新举措——建立环境污染责任保险制度

随着环境污染事故的不断发生和公众环境保护意识的日益增强,环境污染责任保险制度在西方主要发达国家已经有了长足的发展,并且建立了一整套完善而严密的制度体系。与此相比,我国在该领域则处于起步状态,至今尚未全面建立实质意义上的环境污染责任保险制度。本文以实施环境污染责任保险的意义为基础,对我国环境污染责任保险制度现状及存在的问题进行了剖析,并提出了若干对策建议,以期推动我国环境污染责任保险制度的发展。     

Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban stormwater in Queensland, Australia

This paper reports the distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in wash-off in urban stormwater in Gold Coast, Australia. Runoff samples collected from residential, industrial and commercial sites were separated into a dissolved fraction (<0.45 μm), and three particulate fractions (0.45-75 μm, 75-150 μm and >150 μm). Patterns in the distribution of PAHs in the fractions were investigated using Principal Component Analysis. Regardless of the land use and particle size fraction characteristics, the presence of organic carbon plays a dominant role in the distribution of PAHs. The PAHs concentrations were also found to decrease with rainfall duration. Generally, the 1- and 2-year average recurrence interval rainfall events were associated with the majority of the PAHs and the wash-off was a source limiting process. In the context of stormwater quality mitigation, targeting the initial part of the rainfall event is the most effective treatment strategy. The implications of the study results for urban stormwater quality management are also discussed.     

The contribution of ship emissions to air pollution in the North Sea regions

As a consequence of the global distribution of manufacturing sites and the increasing international division of labour, ship traffic is steadily increasing and is becoming more and more important as an origin of air pollution.This study investigates the impact of ship emissions in coastal areas of the North Sea under conditions of the year 2000 by means of a regional chemistry transport model which runs on a sufficiently high resolution to study air pollution in coastal regions. It was found that northern Germany and Denmark in summer suffer from more than 50% higher sulphate, nitrate and ammonium aerosol concentrations due to contributions from ships. The implementation of a sulphur emission control area (SECA) in the North Sea, as it was implemented at the end of 2007, directly results in reduced sulphur dioxide and sulphate aerosol concentrations while nitrate aerosol concentrations are slightly increased.     

我国机动车污染防治行业2009年发展综述

综述了2009年我国机动车污染防治行业的发展环境及市场特点、主要(骨干)企业发展情况,分析了2009年行业发展中存在的主要问题,提出了解决对策和建议,并对行业的发展进行了展望。