福建省沿海地区海盐和大气污染物反应的致酸作用

本文着重研究福建省沿海地区盐和大气污染物反应的致酸作用,从源排放估算、致酸前体物观测、大气气溶胶组成分析、降水离子特征分析四个层次进行讨论,结果表明ＨＣｌ人为排放源仅占ＳＯ２,ＮＯｓ的４％;大气中活性氯;ＨＣｌ最大浓度为４．２３μｇ／ｍ＾－３,Ｃｌ２最大浓度为３．９７μｇ．ｍ＾－３,气溶胶中Ｃｌ＾－／Ｎａ＾＋比和降水中Ｃｌ／Ｎａ＾＋比背离,降水中过量氯与Ｈ浓度呈现正相关,过量氯对Ｈ浓度最大贡献达３     

Identification and characterization of coagulation inhibitor proteins derived from cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa

The excess growth of cyanobacteria in semi enclosed water areas caused by eutrophication brings about coagulation inhibition in drinking water treatment processes. In this study, coagulation inhibitor proteins produced by Microcystis aeruginosa, a major cyanobacterium in algal bloom, were acquired by a phage display technique, an aluminum-immobilized affinity chromatography and a protein expression technique using Escherichia coli cells. Two cyanobacterial peptides with a high ratio of metallophilic amino acids were recovered, which were a part of homologues of a thiol oxidase enzyme Ero1p and a trans-acting repressor ArsR. It was also shown that the homologue of ArsR exhibited a stronger inhibitory effect on the coagulation of kaolin suspension with polyaluminum chloride than the control proteins. This is the first report to identify a cyanobacterial cell component to inhibit coagulation. The compositions of polar amino acids were critical to explain the strength of coagulation inhibition potential. Polar proteins from cyanobacteria could collectively consume coagulants or stabilize clay particles, which would be plausible explanations for causing coagulation inhibition. Meanwhile, results from the kaolin coagulation tests using the control proteins implied that the neutralization of positive charges of coagulant constituents by simple electrostatic interactions might not be the key mechanism on the protein-induced coagulation inhibition.     

微波消解-自动电位滴定法测定生活垃圾中的氯含量

建立用微波消解技术处理城市生活垃圾样品,以自动电位滴定法测定城市生活垃圾中的氯含量.讨论微波消解条件、自动电位滴定仪工作参数、酸度及干扰情况,并对城市生活垃圾中的氯含量进行测定,相对标准偏差＜2.5%,回收率为97%～102.5%.     

凹土-聚合氯化铝复合材料处理含磷废水的研究

以凹土(AG)和聚合氯化铝(PAC)为原料,制备了纳米复合材料AG-PAC复合物(AP),探讨AG与PAC复配比(以质量比计,下同)、AP投加量、反应时间和溶液pH等因素对AP处理低浓度含磷废水的影响.结果表明,在相同的反应条件下,AP对TP的去除效果比单用PAC和AG的去除效果均要好;AG与PAC的最佳复配比为10～...     

锌合金工业白烟治理的实验研究

填料塔洗涤吸收净化工艺在化工领域和低浓度工业废气净化方面均能很好地发挥作用.以水为吸收剂,应用填料塔对锌合金白烟进行吸收操作,试验结果显示:锌白烟的主要成分是氯化铵烟尘,其粒径在1μm以下,极不易溶于水,导致该工艺对氯化铵烟尘的处理效率仅在70%左右.烟气中氯化氢和氨气的浓度较低,经过处理已经达到排放标准.尽管氯化铵烟尘的处理效率低于预期,但实验研究对锌合金白烟的治理仍有重要的指导意义.     

聚硅酸铝铁絮凝剂研究进展

聚硅酸铝铁（PSAF）作为一种新型无机高分子絮凝剂,其除浊、脱色及去除有机物的性能优越,文献报道的最高去除率可分别达97％、98％、87％。使用不同方法制取的PSAF性能及稳定性有较大区别;同时,PSAF的效果还受水体参数的影响。本文介绍了PSAF的作用原理、制作方法、使用效果及其影响因素,最后简要概括了当前研究存在的问题。     

分离剂甲酸溶液浓度和温度对于铝塑湿法分离的影响研究

主要针对无菌复合包装废弃物中去除了纸浆后的铝塑部分的湿法分离工艺进行研究,选用甲酸作为分离溶剂,分析其反应机理。并着重对分离过程的影响控制因素进行实验研究,就不同的分离剂浓度、不同反应温度以及不同液固比条件下铝塑分离的效果及反应速率的变化分别进行分析研究,寻找铝塑片分离各影响因素之间的关系,为工业化生产应用提供参考,以提高无菌复合包装废弃物的再生利用率。     

Cesium and strontium sorption by selected tropical and subtropical soils around nuclear facilities

The dynamics of Cs and Sr sorption by soils, especially in the subtropics and tropics, as influenced by soil components are not fully understood. The rates and capacities of Cs and Sr sorption by selected subtropical and tropical soils in Taiwan were investigated to facilitate our understanding of the transformation and dynamics of Cs and Sr in soils developed under highly weathering intensity. The Langmuir isotherms and kinetic rates of Cs and Sr sorption on the Ap1 and Bt1 horizons of the Long-Tan (Lt) and the A and Bt1 horizons of the Kuan-Shan (Kt), Mao-Lin (Tml) and Chi-Lo (Cl) soils were selected for this study. Air-dried soil (<2 mm) samples were reacted with of 7.5 × 10⁻⁵ to 1.88 × 10⁻³ M of CsCl (pH 4.0) or 1.14 × 10⁻⁴ to 2.85 × 10⁻³ M of SrCl₂ (pH 4.0) solutions at 25 °C. The sorption maximum capacity (q_m) of Cs by the Ap1 and Bt1 horizons of the Lt soil (62.24 and 70.70 mmol Cs kg⁻¹ soil) were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those by the A and Bt1 horizons of the Kt and Cl soils (26.46 and 27.49 mmol Cs kg⁻¹ soil in Kt soil and 34.83 and 29.96 mmol Cs kg⁻¹ soil in Cl soil, respectively), however, the sorption maximum capacity values of the Lt and Tml soils did not show significant differences. The amounts of pyrophosphate extractable Fe (Fe_p) were correlated significantly with the Cs and Sr sorption capacities (for Cs sorption, r² = 0.97, p < 1.0 × 10⁻⁴; for Sr sorption, r² = 0.82, p < 2.0 × 10⁻³). The partition coefficient of radiocesium sorbed on soil showed the following order: Cl soil ? Kt soil > Tml soil > Lt soil. It was due to clay minerals. The second-order kinetic model was applied to the Cs and Sr sorption data. The rate constant of Cs or Sr sorption on the four soils was substantiality increased with increasing temperature. This is attributable to the availability of more energy for bond breaking and bond formation brought about by the higher temperatures. The rate constant of Cs sorption at 308 K was 1.39-2.09 times higher than that at 278 K in the four soils. The activation energy of Cs and Sr sorbed by the four soils ranged from 7.2 to 16.7 kJ mol⁻¹ and from 15.2 to 22.4 kJ mol⁻¹, respectively. Therefore, the limiting step of the Cs⁺ or Sr²⁺ sorption on the soils was diffusion-controlled processes. The reactive components, which are significantly correlated with the Langmuir sorption maxima of Cs and Sr by these soils, substantially influenced their kinetic rates of Cs and Sr sorption. The data indicate that among components of the subtropical and tropical soils studied, short-range ordered sesquioxides especially Al- and Fe-oxides complexed with organics play important roles in influencing their capacity and dynamics of Cs and Sr sorption.     

铝塑包装废物热解过程能量平衡分析

热解是实现铝塑包装废物中有机物和金属铝分离的有效方法。利用外热式固定床反应系统对其进行热解实验,研究热解时物质与能量流向的变化趋势。结果表明:(1)铝塑包装废物最佳热解温度为723～773 K;(2)热解产生的可回收能量远大于反应所需能量,可以实现热解系统的自供热;(3)铝塑包装废物热解的净能源回收效率为62%～63%。     

混凝-碳化污泥吸附深度处理城市污水

针对混凝-碳化污泥吸附对城市污水深度处理的实验研究,结果表明,由城市污水厂剩余污泥经脱水、干化和碳化后所制得的碳化污泥,可通过三氯化铁混凝-碳化污泥吸附联合应用于城市污水深度处理中,处理效果明显优于仅使用碳化污泥吸附或单一采用三氯化铁絮凝剂混凝时的效果,出水各污染物指标可达到一级A标准(GB 18918-2002),其最佳投药量为三氯化铁15 mg/L,碳化污泥5 g/L。