改性粉煤灰和高铁酸钾联合处理矿井水的研究

利用高铁酸钾处理经过改性粉煤灰混凝后的矿井水,形成改性粉煤灰和高铁酸钾联合处理矿井水工艺。研究表明,粉煤灰在使用硫酸改性前后,在投加量为50 g/L,对去除矿井水中浊度的变化是53.18～25.42 NTU,对COD_(Mn)的去除效率也由29%升高到50%;在改性粉煤灰中混入高铁酸钾5 mg/L时,矿井水中浊度和悬浮物分别降到18.3 NTU和10 mg/L,COD_(Mn)去除率为53.23%;此后,上清液中投加高铁酸钾10 mg/L时,水中的浊度由18.3 NTU降到5.1 NTU,悬浮物由10 mg/L降到3 mg/L,COD_(Mn)的总去除率也增加到68.88%。在使用该工艺进行小试时,改性粉煤灰用量为50 g/L,并在其中掺杂高铁酸钾5 mg/L,上清液再用10 mg/L的高铁酸钾处理后,出水水质都优于地表水环境质量Ⅳ级标准。     

紫外光协助高锰酸钾降解四环素的研究

高锰酸钾氧化法在实际水处理中得到了一定的应用,但对有机污染物的去除和降解能力相对有限,为此提出了以外加紫外光照射协助高锰酸钾氧化的方法。以四环素作为模型污染物,考察了四环素浓度、高锰酸钾浓度、反应时间、初始pH条件和不同紫外光照射等的影响。结果表明,高锰酸钾能够氧化并去除四环素,紫外光照射明显提高了高锰酸钾对四环素的降解效果,并且254 nm紫外光照射对降解的促进作用远大于365 nm紫外光。在所考察的pH范围内,无论紫外光照射与否,高锰酸钾在酸性条件下的降解效率最高,中性条件较高,碱性条件次之。     

高氯离子、低COD废水中COD的测定

建立了适用于高氯离子、低COD废水中COD的重铬酸钾测定方法。分别采用甘油、二氯丙醇、β,β′-二氯异丙醚和氯化钙配制模拟高氯废水,考察了氧化剂重铬酸钾溶液浓度、掩蔽剂加入量(以m(HgSO_4)∶m(Cl~-)表示)对测定效果的影响。实验结果表明:以低浓度(0.05 mol/L)重铬酸钾溶液为氧化剂时,测定数据波动范围小,相对误差也低(-1.4%~+0.4%);对于高氯低COD废水的COD测定,当COD大于100 mg/L时按m(HgSO_4)∶m(Cl~-)=10∶1加入硫酸汞掩蔽剂,当COD小于100 mg/L时按m(HgSO_4)∶m(Cl~-)=20∶1加入硫酸汞掩蔽剂,并采用浓度为0.05 mol/L的重铬酸钾溶液作为氧化剂,能较好地消除氯离子对COD测定的干扰,相对误差在5%以内;将优化后的测定条件应用于实际环氧氯丙烷生产废水COD的测定,重现性良好,当m(HgSO_4)∶m(Cl-)分别为10∶1和20∶1时,相对误差分别为+3.3%和+2.9%,COD平均回收率分别为103.4%和102.9%。     

Listeria monocytogenes batch culture growth response to metabolic inhibitors

In certain environments nutrient and energy sources available to microorganisms can be limited. Foodborne pathogens must efficiently adapt in order to be successfully transmitted through the food chain to their hosts. For the intracellular foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes, little is known regarding its response to nutrient/energy-limiting conditions. The alternative stress responsive sigma factor σ^B has been reported to contribute to survival under specific stresses. Therefore, the effects of several metabolic inhibitors on growth of L. monocytogenes wild-type and a ΔsigB mutant were examined. In the absence of inhibitors, both strains reached stationary phase after 18 h at 23°C and 10 h at 37°C. All of the metabolic inhibitors slowed growth of either strain, with few differences observed among the different inhibitors.     

Oral administration of potassium bromate, a major water disinfection by-product, induces oxidative stress and impairs the antioxidant power of rat blood

Potassium bromate (KBrO₃) is a widely used food additive, a water disinfection by-product and a known nephrotoxic agent. The effect of KBrO₃ on rat blood, especially on the anti-oxidant defense system, was studied in this work. Animals were given a single oral dose of KBrO₃ (100 mg/kg body weight) and sacrificed 12, 24, 48, 96 and 168 h after this treatment. Blood was collected from the animals and separated into plasma and erythrocytes. KBrO₃ administration resulted in increased lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, hydrogen peroxide levels and decreased the reduced glutathione content indicating the induction of oxidative stress in blood. Methemoglobin levels and methemoglobin reductase activity were significantly increased while the total anti-oxidant power was greatly reduced upon KBrO₃ treatment. Nitric oxide levels were enhanced while vitamin C concentration decreased in KBrO₃ treated animals. The activities of major anti-oxidant enzymes were also altered upon KBrO₃ treatment. The maximum changes in all these parameters were 48 h after the administration of KBrO₃ and then recovery took place. These results show for the first time that KBrO₃ induces oxidative stress in blood and impairs the anti-oxidant defense system. Thus impairment in the anti-oxidant power and alterations in the activities of major anti-oxidant enzymes may play an important role in mediating the toxic effects of KBrO₃ in the rat blood. The study of such biochemical events in blood will help elucidate the molecular mechanism of action of KBrO₃ and also for devising methods to overcome its toxic effects.     

Laboratory experiments on simultaneous removal of K and P from synthetic and real urine for nutrient recycle by crystallization of magnesium-potassium-phosphate-hexahydrate in a draft tube and baffle reactor

The simultaneous removal of K and P from urine for nutrient recycling by crystallization of magnesium potassium phosphate hexahydrate (MPP) in a laboratory-scale draft tube and baffle reactor (DTBR) is investigated. Results show that mixing speed and hydraulic retention time are important operating factors that influence crystallization and crystal settlement. Slurry should be discharged at a crystal retention time of 11 h to maintain fluidity in the reactor. Further applications of the DTBR using real urine (pretreated by ammonia stripping and diluted five times) showed that 76% K and 68% P were recycled to multi-nutrient products. The crystals collected were characterized and confirmed mainly as a mixture of magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate, MPP, and magnesium sodium phosphate heptahydrate. Results indicate that the DTBR effectively achieved the simultaneous recycling of K and P from urine to multi-nutrient products through MPP crystallization.     

高锰酸钾生产废渣中的高价锰回收方法研究

高锰酸钾生产过程所产生的废渣中含有较多的高价态锰,导致锰资源的浪费和潜在的环境污染问题。采用葡萄糖-硫酸还原浸取法浸取高锰酸钾渣中的高价锰,实验探讨了葡萄糖用量、硫酸用量及浸取温度等因素对锰浸取率的影响,并研究了化学氧化法回收二价锰的工艺条件。结果表明,在葡萄糖与高锰酸钾渣质量比为0.3、硫酸物质的量与高锰酸钾渣质量之...     

粉末活性炭强化常规处理工艺时混凝效能的研究

在水源水质突然变差时,为了保证饮用水水质和水厂的经济低耗运行。以松花江水为原水,采用不同投量的粉末活性炭(PAC)来强化常规处理工艺,通过实验考察了硫酸铝(AS)、聚合氯化铝(PACl)、复合铝铁（PAF）及后2种混凝剂分别与助凝剂高锰酸盐复合药剂（PPC）、活化硅酸配合使用时对浊度和COD_Mn的去除情况。实验结果表明：（1）在进水水质相同的情况下,以浊度和COD_Mn为控制指标,达到同样的处理效果时,制水成本比较的结果为PAF相似文献   

水样的代表性和滴定剂浓度对重铬酸钾法测定化学需氧量的影响

化学需氧量测定中,样品的代表性和滴定的误差直接影响结果的准确性。采用水浴超声器均化水样,可提高样品的代表性,通过调整滴定液硫酸亚铁铵标准溶液的浓度,可以减小滴定的误差,从而提高结果的准确性。     

高锰酸钾强化混凝-生物铁法处理维生素B1生产废水工艺条件研究

采用高锰酸钾强化混凝-生物铁法处理维生素B1生产废水,确定了高锰酸钾的最佳投加顺序、混凝剂的种类以及两者的最佳投药量,探讨了水力停留时间(HRT)、溶解氧(DO)和pH值对生物铁法处理效果的影响,得到了生物铁法处理维生素B1生产废水混凝出水的最佳工况条件.