The impact of organizational climate on safety climate and individual behavior

Relatively little previous research has investigated the meechanisms by which safety climate affects safety behavior. The current study examined the effects of general organizational climate on safety climate and safety performance. As expected, general organizational climate exerted a significant impact on safety climate, and safety climate in turn was related to self-reports of compliance with safety regulations and procedures as well as participation in safety-related activities within the workplace. The effect of general organizational climate on safety performance was mediated by safety climate, while the effect of safety climate on safety performance was partially mediated by safety knowledge and motivation.     

垃圾填埋场填埋气回收处理与利用

简单介绍了阿苏卫垃圾卫生填埋场的建设和运行情况,并对填埋场的垃圾成分和垃圾量进行了分析,得到该填埋场填埋气的实测组分.依据经典EPA产气模型对填埋场潜在填埋气产量进行了预测.结果表明,在2005-2039年的运行期间,预计该填埋场填埋气的平均产量约为33.7×106 m3/a.比较研究了填埋场填埋气的回收利用技术,指出并网发电是该填埋场填埋气的最佳利用方式.通过对填埋场填埋气发电项目进行的技术经济分析表明,该工程总投资为3 394×104元,项目年直接经济效益达230×104元.      

区域电网火电厂对水环境影响评价指标研究

区域电网内所有火电厂对区域水环境影响评价指标是进行区域火电厂规划环评的基础.通过对区域电网内火电厂对区域水环境影响的共性研究,提出了区域电网内火电厂取水影响、排水影响和水污染物影响3项评价指标;在此基础上利用和积法计算各指标的权重,依据权重求得区域水环境综合影响评价指标.评价指标在华东电网火电厂区域水环境影响评价中进行了应用,结果表明,华东电网火电厂对区域水环境的影响程度由大到小依次为黄浦江、太湖、巢湖、淮河、长江和钱塘江.      

燃煤火电厂汞排放因子测试设计及案例分析

在火电厂锅炉煤的燃烧中,汞的迁移是个复杂的过程.在炉内高温下,几乎所有的汞以气态形式停留于烟气中,随着烟气温度的降低,汞被再分配到粉煤灰、炉渣和空气中.采用测试和衡算的方法,对火电厂汞排放因子进行测试和分析.结果表明:汞的迁移分配与煤中汞的赋存量、粉煤灰中可燃物碳的含量及烟气温度相关.煤燃烧后,进入粉煤灰中的汞占煤中汞含量的12.7%～31.3%,进入炉渣中的汞占0.9%～12.8%,大部分汞排入大气中,占67.8%～82.2%.      

火电项目环境影响评价中污染控制水平分析

针对国家投资体制改革后我国火电迅猛发展的现象,以内蒙古地区作为研究对象,从2004年内蒙古地区拟建的36个火电项目的环境影响报告书中取得有关资料,分析了这些项目的环境影响控制情况,并对内蒙古地区火电发展的区域环境影响进行讨论.结果表明:即使内蒙古地区拟建项目全部建成投产,在火电装机容量增加33.68×106 kW的情况下,SO₂排放量仅增加0.8×104 t/a;通过对城市中水、矿井疏干水的使用,节约新鲜水用量超过1×108 t/a,环境影响评价中对火电项目的SO2总量控制和节约用水控制效果较好.但是内蒙古地区拟建电厂区域累积用水总量很大,将加剧该地区水资源不足问题,而内蒙古地区作为我国能源输出地,需寻求可持续发展道路.建议加快开展规划环境影响评价,并考虑循环经济发展模式.      

大型厂房消防安全设计评估

借鉴国际性能法规发展的经验,跟踪国际火灾科学研究前沿,着手研究和建立适用于我国新的建筑防火设计规范体系,已成为我国消防现代化建设的重要战略任务之一。作者以具体实例为对象,分别采用处方式和性能化设计方法进行建筑防火设计评估,演示两者设计过程和设计理论的差异。本文将是一组文章之一,针对一个大型边间厂房的具体设计按照处方式法规进行了评估,文章鉴别设计中不符合现行规范的条款并按规范提出修订方案,其阐述和讨论结果可为进一步进行火灾安全性能设计提供参考。有关的性能设计分析将在另一篇文章中详细介绍。     

电业火灾爆炸及其预防控制技术

指出了电力生产、传输、分配及使用过程中存在有火为爆炸危险性。了电业火灾爆炸的影响因素。结合电力工程实践,分析了电业火灾爆炸灾害的特点,综合了预防和控制电业火灾、爆炸灾害的技术和措施。     

企业外用工安全管理探讨

企业用工制度改革后,外用工越来越多,给企业安全管理带来了许多新的问题。叙述了对外用工安全管理中存在的问题,提出了改进措施。     

PM2.5 chemical source profiles for vehicle exhaust, vegetative burning, geological material, and coal burning in Northwestern Colorado during 1995

PM_2.5 (particles with aerodynamic diameters less than 2.5 μm) chemical source profiles applicable to speciated emissions inventories and receptor model source apportionment are reported for geological material, motor vehicle exhaust, residential coal (RCC) and wood combustion (RWC), forest fires, geothermal hot springs; and coal-fired power generation units from northwestern Colorado during 1995. Fuels and combustion conditions are similar to those of other communities of the inland western US. Coal-fired power station profiles differed substantially between different units using similar coals, with the major difference being lack of selenium in emissions from the only unit that was equipped with a dry limestone sulfur dioxide (SO₂) scrubber. SO₂ abundances relative to fine particle mass emissions in power plant emissions were seven to nine times higher than hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) abundances from geothermal springs, and one to two orders of magnitude higher than SO₂ abundances in RCC emissions, implying that the SO₂ abundance is an important marker for primary particle contributions of non-aged coal-fired power station contributions. The sum of organic and elemental carbon ranged from 1% to 10% of fine particle mass in coal-fired power plant emissions, from 5% to 10% in geological material, >50% in forest fire emissions, >60% in RWC emissions, and >95% in RCC and vehicle exhaust emissions. Water-soluble potassium (K⁺) was most abundant in vegetative burning profiles. K⁺/K ratios ranged from 0.1 in geological material profiles to 0.9 in vegetative burning emissions, confirming previous observations that soluble potassium is a good marker for vegetative burning.     

大气中γ辐射空气吸收剂量率的波动机制

基于广西防城港市、福建福清市和宁德市的3个滨海核电厂周边γ辐射空气吸收剂量率长时间高频率的连续观测数据,从不同时间尺度进行系统解析.研究发现,在年际尺度上,2014～2020年间宁德嵛山岛站位γ辐射空气吸收剂量率呈现先上升后下降的趋势,与太阳活动的先减弱后增强存在一定的反相位关联;在季节尺度上,2019年度3个站位的观...