我国地震应急预案体系的现状分析

地震应急是地震救援工作的重要组成部分,科学的制订地震应急救援预案是做好应急工作的前提.本文分析了目前我国地震应急预案体系的现状,总结了地震应急预案体系中存在的问题,对于丰富和完善地震应急预案体系,使政府及社会高效、有序地做好应急响应,减少人员伤亡和财产损失具有重要的现实意义.     

络合萃取法处理含酚废水技术经济分析

从技术经济角度对络合萃取法处理含酚废水进行了分析,建立了投资及净现值与处理量和浓度的关系式。结果表明：络合萃取法投资及净现值指标对处理理敏感,而对浓度不敏感;     

A COST‐BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF WATER QUALITY PROTECTION IN THE CATAWBA BASIN1

ABSTRACT: The primary objective of this study was to perform a cost‐benefit analysis of maintaining the current level of water quality in the Catawba River basin. Economic benefits were estimated using a stated preference survey method designed to value respondents' willingness to pay for a management plan to protect water quality in the Catawba basin over time. From the surveys conducted with 1,085 area residents, we calculated an annual mean willingness to pay of $139 for the management plan, or more than $75.4 million for all taxpayers in the area. Over the five‐year time horizon in which respondents were asked to pay for the management plan, this resulted in a total economic benefit of $340.1 million. The Watershed Analysis Risk Management Framework model was used to estimate the amount of management activities needed to protect the current level of water quality in the basin over time. Based on the model results, the total cost of the management plan was calculated to be $244.8 million over a ten‐year period. The resulting cost‐benefit analysis indicated that the potential benefits of this management plan would outweigh the costs by more than $95 million.     

Tradeoffs between forestry resource and conservation values under alternate policy regimes: A spatial analysis of the western Canadian boreal plains

An important element of resource management and conservation is an understanding of the tradeoffs between marketed products, such as timber, and measures of environmental quality, such as biodiversity. In this paper, we develop an integrated economic-ecological spatial optimization model that we then apply to evaluate alternate forest policies on a 560,000 km² study region of managed boreal forest in Alberta and British Columbia, Canada. The integrated model incorporates dynamic forest sector harvesting, current levels of oil and gas sector development, coarse-filter or habitat-based old forest indicators, a set of empirical forest bird abundance models, and statistical models of the natural and current fire regimes. Using our integrated model, economic tradeoff curves, or production possibility frontiers, are developed to illustrate the cost of achieving coarse-filter targets by a set time (50 years) within a 100-year time horizon. We found levels of ecological indicators and economic returns from the timber industry could both be increased if spatial constraints imposed by the current policy environment were relaxed; other factors being equal, this implies current policy should be revised. We explore the production possibility frontier's relationship to the range of natural variation of old forest habitat, and show how this range can be used to guide choices of preferred locations along the frontier. We also show that coarse-filter constraints on the abundance of certain habitat elements are sufficient to satisfy some fine-filter objectives, expressed as the predicted abundances of various species of songbirds.     

环境统计工作中存在的问题及改进措施

环境统计是我国各级环保部门的重要职能之一,是环境管理的基础工作。目前基层环保部门的环境统计工作在运行机制、法制建设、人员设备、技术方法等方面都存在诸多问题。造成问题的主要原因,一是执法力度不够,二是能力建设不够。为了使逐级上报汇总的环境统计数据尽可能保证真实性和准确性,满足各级环保部门环境管理工作的需要,环境统计工作应逐步理顺运行机制、提高工作效率,加强法制建设、保证统计质量。在能力建设方面应加强资金投入和人员配备,完善技术方法和增加业务培训,使环境统计工作能够顺利开展并发挥应有的作用。     

国内外旅游国际化研究综述

在经济全球化的大背景下,旅游业也在加速走向国际化,旅游国际化也成为了学术界研究的一个热点。对国内外旅游国际化的研究现状进行了回顾,着重评述了当前研究的几大方面:现状与对策、影响因素、国际化与本土化关系、对目的地的影响,在此基础上总结了现阶段国内研究的薄弱环节,并对今后的研究发展方向提出了建议。     

乌鲁木齐市水磨沟区生态环境现状及对策

乌鲁木齐市水磨沟区主要生态环境问题是：水资源不足,利用率低下;环境污染严重;土地利用率低,利用结构不合理;采矿区、塌陷区面积大,临近市区;工业布局、结构不合理;多数企业技术水平不高,环境代价高。按照国家环保总局建设生态示范区的要求提出了改善其生态环境的对策为：划分生态功能区域;加强水资源利用技术研究与应用;调整产品的结构;提高技术含量、改造污染行业;塌陷区回填复垦;污染控制和废水资源化;水土保持。     

梁子湖湿地植物多样性现状与评价

根据1999～2001年的野外调查数据,研究了湖北梁子湖湿地浮游藻类和高等植物多样性资源.结果表明,该湿地常见浮游藻类73种,隶属于7门58属(绿藻28种,硅藻19种,蓝藻14种,金藻4种,裸藻3种,甲藻3种,隐藻2种);高等植物282种,隶属于72科183属(苔藓8种,蕨类9种,裸子植物3种,被子植物262种),其中国家重点保护野生植物5种.浮游藻类密度和生物量均值分别为(1163.79913.51)104cell/L和6.1342.737mg/L,叶绿素a含量12.754.98mg/L,浮游藻类表层日生产量1.18～2.29mgO2/(Ld).水生植被繁茂,可划分为12个群丛,群丛单位面积生物量为6.443kg/m_{2;水生植被覆盖率54.27%,单位面积生物量为3.496kg/m2,在同类湖泊中处于中等水平;植被种类复杂,以沉水植物微齿眼子菜(Potamogeton maackianus)和金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)为优势群落.该湖泊总体上属中营养型水体,仍保持草型湖状态.}     

电力行业二氧化硫排放控制现状、费用及对策分析

系统地研究了国家级层面上的30多个法规、政策、规划和文件对火电厂二氧化硫排放的控制要求及存在问题,提出了现行政策还不完善之处.通过对典型石灰石-石膏湿法烟气脱硫费用的研究,提出了4个费用估算预测公式.研究表明,煤的含硫量对脱除每kg二氧化硫的费用影响最为敏感.提出清理修订现行法规及政策,加快实施二氧化硫在电力行业内的排放总量平衡和排放权交易政策,鼓励发电企业依法自主选择治理措施;出台火电厂二氧化硫治理优惠经济政策,规范脱硫产业化发展等的建议.      

莆田市城市排水行业的现状与发展建议

论述了莆田市排水行业的现状、近年来取得的进展和目前存在的一些主要问题。针对这些问题．笔者结合莆田市的实际情况对今后的发展提出了具体的建议和对策。