开闭路条件下沉积物微生物燃料电池阳极细菌群落差异解析

采用Solixa高通量测序技术对比了沉积物微生物燃料电池(sediment microbial fuel cells,SMFCs)开闭路条件下启动阳极生物膜细菌群落结构差异.SMFCs开路条件下启动阳极生物膜获得优化序列3 936条,经过97%相似度归并后得到1 581个操作分类单元(operational taxonomic units,OTUs);SMFCs连接5 kΩ电阻闭路启动阳极生物膜获得优化序列3 930条,聚类归并后产生1 551个OTUs,α多样性指数分析表明开路条件下启动阳极生物膜菌群多样性相对更丰富.SMFCs开、闭路条件下启动阳极生物膜优势菌均为Proteobacteria、Firmicutes和Bacteroidetes,它们在开路下阳极生物膜中的含量分别为59.79%、12.54%和9.02%,而在闭路条件下分别为63.02%、10.01%和3.60%,SMFCs闭路条件下运行,地杆菌Geobacter在阳极生物膜中含量高达16.55%.SMFCs开、闭路条件下启动阳极生物膜细菌群落结构的差异说明SMFCs启动过程电子的传递影响电极生物膜微生物群落结构.     

Economics of an ecotourism operation in Belize

The economic inputs and outputs for the Possum Point Biological Station in Belize during 1990–1992 are described to illustrate some aspects of an ecotourism operation. Eight hundred fifty-four people in 59 groups visited Possum Point during the study period to tour rain forests, estuaries, and coral reefs. The economic input to Possum Point from these groups increased from $74,552 in 1990 to $166,268 in 1992. Outputs were for license fees, capital improvements, goods and services, labor, fossil fuels, and development of a historic sugar mill site. An annual donation was also made to a scholarship fund for local Belizean students. The net cash balance of income and outputs changed from negative (−$6678) in 1990 to positive (+$4811) in 1992, suggesting development of the economic operation. Possum Point meets the economic criteria for ecotourism by feeding back some tourist monies for community and environmental support, particularly donations for the sugar mill site and the scholarship fund. Most of the outputs from Possum Point (about 80%) were retained in the local economy through employment and purchases, which have a positive influence on the local community. We conclude that ecotourism operations, such as Possum Point, offer important sustainable development opportunities for Belize.     

机械处理废弃印刷线路板

分析了废弃印刷线路板的特点，介绍了机械处理的方法，及国外机械处理废弃印刷线路板的实践和进展。     

清洁生产与循环经济

将实践和理论结合阐述了循环经济理论的理念及循环经济和清洁生产的关系。实现循环经济理论在技术层面应当开发和应用3种技术：清洁生产技术，末端治理技术和报废产品回用技术；在社会层面应当发挥政府和公民两方面的作用。在我国当前国情条件下，实施循环经济的重点是：扎扎实实地推行清洁生产，开展废旧物品的回用。政府的职责是制定实施循环经济的法规，宏观规划；民众应提高循环经济和可持续发展的意识，自觉地可持续消费。     

湿法破碎在废弃线路板资源化中的应用

根据废弃线路板非金属组成及破碎特性,通过热重-红外分析热解实验等手段证实和研究了干法破碎中存在的二次污染问题,提出了应用湿法破碎的解决方案。通过干、湿法破碎实验结果的对比得出:各粒级湿法破碎的产率有所变化,主要是(-5+2)mm粗粒级及0·045mm以下微细粒级物料的产率都有明显的增多,但整体上来看并没有改变物料的粒度分布特征。最后,就差异存在的原因作了分析。     

新结构传爆药柱多点起爆数值模拟及实验研究

根据冲击波汇聚技术原理及有效装药理论,设计出环锥形传爆药装药结构.用ANSYS/LY-DYNA软件分析起爆点个数对环锥形传爆药柱输出波形的影响,并用多点同步起爆网络起爆环锥形传爆药柱进行实验验证.结果表明,利用多点同步起爆网络起爆环锥形传爆药柱能有效提高传爆药柱的输出威力,起爆点个数对爆轰波形有很大的影响.     

废印制线路板真空热解产物分析

在自行设计的间歇式固定床真空热解装置中热解废印制线路板(PCB),对热解产物进行了分析.在热解温度为550 ℃、热解压力为20 kPa、恒温时间为60 min的条件下,得到的热解产物质量分数为:热解渣70%;热解油3%～4%;不可冷凝热解气26%～27%.经气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)分析,热解油经常压蒸馏后得到的低沸点液态油中含有29种化合物,主要有苯酚、对异丙基酚、3-乙基酚、4-甲酚及2-溴苯酚,还含有少量含溴化合物和含氯化合物.热解油经简单的蒸馏就可达到回收酚类化合物的目的.热解渣经风选可实现铜与黏附有碳黑的玻璃纤维的分离,其中铜质量分数约30%,黏附有碳黑的玻璃纤维质量分数约70%.     

Thermal decomposition of electronic wastes: mobile phone case and other parts

Pyrolysis and combustion runs at 850°C in a horizontal laboratory furnace were carried out on different parts of a mobile phone (printed circuit board, mobile case and a mixture of both materials). The analyses of the carbon oxides, light hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, polychlorodibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), and dioxin-like PCBs are shown. Regarding semivolatile compounds, phenol, styrene, and its derivatives had the highest yields. In nearly all the runs the same PAHs were identified, naphthalene being the most common component obtained. Combustion of the printed circuit board produced the highest emission factor of PCDD/Fs, possibly due to the high copper content.     

配电线路发生火灾事故的原因及预防

介绍了配电线路在运行中发生短路、过负荷以及导线或电缆接头处接触电阻过大而引起导线过热、产生火花和电弧引起火灾事故的原因。并针对上述原因 ,提出安全用电 ,预防配电线路发生火灾事故的安全技术措施     

线路板生产丝印区有机废气的净化

针对电子线路板厂洁净房丝印区有机废气污染的问题,选择间歇式固定床活性炭吸附法净化有机废气的工艺流程,通过制冷能力和吸附量的估算,设计空塔气速为0 . 6m s,吸附剂为果壳活性炭,装填高度为1m ,分双层多个抽屉式填装,运行后,实际监测净化效果明显,苯、甲苯、二甲苯的净化效率分别为81 .5 9% ,83. 5 0 % ,85 . 4 3% ,换下的废活性炭经再生解吸后可循环使用。回收的有机溶剂掺在柴油中作为发电机的燃料。