建设项目碳排放评价技术方法及案例研究

将碳排放因素纳入建设项目环评,对其进行项目层面的控制,有利于促进碳减排和低碳经济的发展。文章尝试构建了建设项目碳排放环评体系,通过对某污水处理厂工艺流程中的碳源分析,确定评价范围,核算情景年份下的碳排放量,综合分析碳排放对环境、经济及社会的影响,最后探讨了协同减排效应,并制定跟踪评价计划。研究表明该污水处理厂在情景年份下,随着污水处理量的增加,碳排放量逐年上升。     

浅谈公路建设项目竣工环境保护验收调查工作中存在的问题及对策

根据公路建设项目特点,分析了公路建设项目竣工环境保护验收调查中存在的问题,从环境监测、环境管理和环境保护措施的执行情况等方面提出了相应的对策和建议。     

Regional environmental assessment (REA) and local Agenda 21 implementation

The implementation of sustainable development requires several support instruments. One of the major instruments in the Rio Declaration to support this process has been environmental assessment that has been given considerable emphasis as to its potential ability to help achieve more sustainable forms of development. Regional environmental assessment (REA) has shown to be effective in supporting local sustainable development process. Selected environmental assessment methods have been␣used to improve the REA exercise and provide reliable data for decision-making not only to correct environmental problems due to past unsustainable social-economic developments but also help local governments to implement Agenda 21 (AG21) plans and projects.     

工程项目安全预警与应急控制隐性知识集成与共享研究

针对一些企业在安全预警、风险控制等方面的隐性知识难以集成、个体知识难以转换为组织知识、内部员工难以共享、行业组织之间难以交流等一系列问题,笔者从知识管理观念、隐性知识集成与共享激励制度、知识共享文化、知识管理组织系统、知识共享和知识交易平台等方面入手,构建了适应于工程项目安全预警与应急控制的隐性知识集成与共享系统。该研究成果为工程师们缩短在紧急状态下的应急补救决策时间,提升其对质量安全事故控制能力,提供了切实可行的实践思路。     

OPTIMAL MANAGEMENT AND DESIGN OF HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS1

ABSTRACT: A possible methodology is developed to deal with the problem of designing complex pipeline systems, when they are subject to different rates of demand, and when a hypothesis of the flow distribution in different branches is not allowed. The mathematical algorithm used in linear programming. The problem, which is not linear, is dealt with by means of an iterative method; that is, by starting with a possible solution and inserting at each iteration the solution found in the preceding iteration. By taking as variables of the problem the piezometric heads of the ends for each branch of the network, the piezometric gradients and flows, and by thus considering the diameter as a derived variable, it is possible to isolate the nonlinearity in the cost function of the network. The latter is linearized each time close to the solution found in the preceding iteration.     

REGIONAL IMPACT OF WATER RESOURCE INVESTMENTS IN A DEVELOPING AREA1

ABSTRACT: Regional development and industrialization patterns are investigated and related via regression analysis to water resource investments for the island of Puerto Rico. Although results of this study indicate such investments have little immediate or short-term impact, significant relationships and variations in regional responses appear over longer time periods. This is shown by applying a variation of Zellner's method of performing seemingly unrelated regressions jointly. By this method, subsets of parameter coefficients of specific economic variables were restricted across regional equations while unrestricted coefficients were interpreted as explaining systematic regional variations in response to public investment. Regional differences, obtained by using this method, are frequently neglected when simply examining the overall development process. Among the more interesting results in terms of policy implications is the apparent significant relationship, over the period considered, between changes in the distribution of income and the pattern of water resource development.     

ECONOMICS AND FEDERAL WATER PROJECTS1

While the science of economics is widely used in Federal water resource development projects, the usual procedure of applying an analytical discipline to arrive at a conclusion is reversed. The “answer” is usually provided ahead of time and economics is assigned the task of justifying the preconceived conclusion. This leads to a series of mitigatory effects in which economics as a science is not allowed to freely function. This article attempts to illustrate some of these “unusual” uses of economics in Federal water projects and note the “answers” we would logically expect from the economic discipline. Even though the theory of economics is often subverted, there are positive aspects to the role of economics in evaluating Federal water projects.     

关于非生产类行业验收监测中工况核查的探讨

简述了建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测时工况核查的重要性和存在的问题。根据相关标准规范要求和实践经验,对仓储、污水处理、危废集中处置项目等非生产性行业验收监测中的工况核查展开了讨论,提出应完善相关的实施程序和技术规范,使得工况核查有据可依;工况核查差异对待、区别思考以及进一步提高监测人员的工况核查水平等建议,为今后开展此类验收监测工况核查提供借鉴。     

The Economic and Environmental Outcomes of Microfinance Projects: An Indian Case Study

Microfinance projects now seek to achieve improvement in environmental quality in addition to poverty alleviation. Achievement of these goals may depend upon the economic and environmental impact of microfinance businesses. This study is a quantitative analysis of these outcomes for Ecodevelopment, an Indian microfinance project, which aims to prevent forest degradation by poverty alleviation. The study divides businesses into perishable goods, non-perishable goods, simple skills, and special skills and measures their economic outcome by two indicators, repayment percentage and continuity of businesses. The study examines the effect of loan amount on the economic outcome of businesses. To quantify the environmental outcome, it analyzes the use of firewood or fodder and release of pollutants by businesses. The results show that loan amount does not affect the economic outcome, special skills have best performance, and skills cause less pressure on forest resources. These results suggest the need for development of knowledge-intensive skills, involvement of institutions in the operations of business, and inclusive policies for protected area management.     

专业保险公司介入建设工程项目监理研究

通过对工程项目特点的分析和对参与项目建设当事人对工程质量安全的影响归因分析,认为,制度安排的缺陷及诚信文化缺失是我国建设工程质量安全事故频繁发生的根本原因。根据我国国情并借鉴国际工程保险的经验,笔者指出,专业保险公司介入建设工程项目监理,是弥补制度缺陷和诚信文化缺失、提高工程的质量安全系数的最佳选择。