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991.
比较了医疗废物焚烧飞灰在温度200~450℃,流动氮气和静态空气气氛中二(噁)英气固相行为变化.在流动氮气条件下,固相二(噁)英随温度升高逐渐增加,350下飞灰二(噁)英浓度升至最高,毒性当量浓度和总浓度分别增加了46.0%和26.0%,随后随着温度升高,二(噁)英含量逐渐降低,450℃条件下浓度减少至最低,分别减少了86.8%和80.5%.在静态空气下,固相二(噁)英随温度至250℃条件下,飞灰二(噁)英浓度升至最高,毒性当量浓度和总浓度分别增加了20.7%和28.7%,随着温度进一步升高,二(噁)英含量逐渐降低,450℃条件下浓度减至最低,分别减少了99.5%和99.5%.气相只有少量二(噁)英产生,仅占总产生量的0.11%~2.16%.本实验研究飞灰的最佳热处置条件为:静态空气条件下,450℃处置1 h.本研究中,分解反应在PCDDs与PCDFs的降解过程起到主要作用,而脱氯与脱附仅为次要作用. 相似文献
992.
垃圾焚烧飞灰中重金属的污染特性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以广西和重庆某生活垃圾焚烧厂的焚烧飞灰为研究对象,研究了飞灰中重金属的化学形态、不同粒径下飞灰中重金属含量及浸出毒性。结果表明:广西垃圾焚烧飞灰中含有5种重金属,且都是以残渣态为主要存在形态;重庆垃圾焚烧飞灰中Cr以残渣态为主要存在形态,Zn、Cu和Cd以醋酸可提取态为主要存在形态,具有较大的潜在毒性,毒性较强的Pb只以醋酸可提取态和可还原提取态两种形态存在,危险性非常高,Mn以可还原提取态为主要存在形态。两地飞灰中含量较高的重金属元素都表现出向小颗粒富集趋势。随飞灰颗粒粒径的减小,各重金属浸出量基本呈增加趋势。相比之下,重庆的垃圾焚烧飞灰中Zn、Cu、Pb和Cd的含量和浸出量都高于广西飞灰。广西飞灰中各粒级的飞灰中各元素浸出量均不超标,而重庆飞灰各粒级的飞灰中Zn、Pb和Cd的浸出量严重超标,表明重庆飞灰属于典型危险废物。 相似文献
993.
粉煤灰的基本性质与综合利用现状及发展方向 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文从应用角度分析了粉煤灰的基本性质,总结了粉煤灰的各种综合利用技术,并介绍了粉煤灰可持续发展的方向. 相似文献
994.
The minimum ignition temperature of dust suspension (MIT) and the hot surface ignition temperature of the dust layer (LIT) are essential safety parameters for the process industry. However, the knowledge of the ignition behavior when solid mixtures of flammable fuels and phosphorous-free inhibitors are considered is still scarce and further experimental and theoretical analyses are requested. In this work, the ignition temperature of phosphorous-free inhibitors (coal fly ash and calcium carbonate) mixed with lycopodium dust have been studied in terms of LIT analysis (hot plate thickness: 5 mm, 12.5 mm and 15 mm), and by the Godbert-Greenwald test for the MIT. Both coal fly ash and calcium carbonate have been tested at different concentrations and particle sizes.Results show that the effects of the inhibitor can be counter-productive when layer ignition temperature is considered even if the minimum ignition temperature of the dust suspension shows a positive effect from the safety point of view. This behavior has been analyzed in the terms of thermal conductivity and diffusivity of the mixture, by using Maxwell's equation for two-phase solid mixtures. Standard empirical correlations for the ignition temperature of solid mixtures have been also tested, showing their weakness in reproducing mixture behavior. 相似文献
995.
对污水处理厂污泥采用垃圾焚烧底灰进行固化处理,分别测试不同掺量和不同养护龄期时固化体的岩土工程性质,通过测试发现,固化体重度基本位于11~13 kN/m3之间,与垃圾焚烧底灰的重度相近;固化体含水率随着垃圾焚烧底灰掺量的增大而急剧减小;抗剪强度指标和无侧限抗压强度随垃圾焚烧底灰的掺量增加和养护龄期的增长而增大,其内摩擦角位于10°~30°之间。建立的固化强度预测模型,可对不同掺量和龄期的固化污泥强度进行预测。 相似文献
996.
E. Nazari F. Rashchi M. Saba S.M.J. Mirazimi 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(12):2687-2696
Simultaneous recovery of vanadium (V) and nickel (Ni), which are classified as two of the most hazardous metal species from power plant heavy fuel fly-ash, was studied using a hydrometallurgical process consisting of acid leaching using sulfuric acid. Leaching parameters were investigated and optimized in order to maximize the recovery of both vanadium and nickel. The independent leaching parameters investigated were liquid to solid ratio (S/L) (5–12.5 wt.%), temperature (45–80 °C), sulfuric acid concentration (5–25 v/v%) and leaching time (1–5 h). Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the process parameters. The most effective parameter on the recovery of both elements was found to be temperature and the least effective was time for V and acid concentration for Ni. Based on the results, optimum condition for metals recovery (actual recovery of ca.94% for V and 81% for Ni) was determined to be solid to liquid ratio of 9.15 wt.%, temperature of 80 °C, sulfuric acid concentration of 19.47 v/v% and leaching time of 2 h. The maximum V and Ni predicted recovery of 91.34% and 80.26% was achieved. 相似文献
997.
Isabella Lancellotti Chiara Ponzoni Luisa Barbieri Cristina Leonelli 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2013,33(8):1740-1749
Incinerator bottom ash (BA) is produced in large amount worldwide and in Italy, where 5.1 millions tons of municipal solid residues have been incinerated in 2010, corresponding to 1.2–1.5 millions tons of produced bottom ash. This residue has been used in the present study for producing dense geopolymers containing high percentage (50–70 wt%) of ash. The amount of potentially reactive aluminosilicate fraction in the ash has been determined by means of test in NaOH. The final properties of geopolymers prepared with or without taking into account this reactive fraction have been compared. The results showed that due to the presence of both amorphous and crystalline fractions with a different degree of reactivity, the incinerator BA geopolymers exhibit significant differences in terms of Si/Al ratio and microstructure when reactive fraction is considered. 相似文献
998.
Mercury leaching characteristics of waste treatment residues generated from various sources in Korea
Jae Han Cho Yujin Eom Jung-Min Park Sang-Bo Lee Ji-Hyung Hong Tai Gyu Lee 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2013,33(7):1675-1681
In this study, mercury (Hg) leaching characteristics of the waste treatment residues (fly ash, bottom ash, sludge, and phosphor powder) generated from various sources (municipal, industrial, medical waste incinerators, sewage sludge incinerator, oil refinery, coal-fired power plant, steel manufacturing plant, fluorescent lamp recycler, and cement kiln) in Korea were investigated. First, both Hg content analysis and toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) testing was conducted for 31 collected residue samples. The Hg content analysis showed that fly ash from waste incinerators contained more Hg than the other residue samples. However, the TCLP values of fly ash samples with similar Hg content varied widely based on the residue type. Fly ash samples with low and high Hg leaching ratios (RL) were further analyzed to identify the major factors that influence the Hg leaching potential. Buffering capacity of the low-RL fly ash was higher than that of the high-RL fly ash. The Hg speciation results suggest that the low-RL fly ashes consisted primarily of low-solubility Hg compounds (Hg2Cl2, Hg0 or HgS), whereas the high-RL fly ashes contain more than 20% high-solubility Hg compounds (HgCl2 or HgSO4). 相似文献
999.
1000.