The European Conformity Assessment Procedures and the Quality Assurance Instruments for Personal Protective Equipment in the Internal Market

Conformity assessment procedures prescribed by European legislation are presented and their concrete implementation is illustrated by the example of personal protective equipment (PPE). The different categories of PPE defined by Council Directive 89/686/EEC are explained with reference to the applicable conformity assessment elements. Quality assurance of production is presented as the central element of the conformity assessment procedure for complex PPE. Special emphasis is put on the necessity of having a regular exchange of views and information among notified bodies in Europe. Ways in which third countries can eventually carry out conformity assessment on the basis of a contract with the European Community Commission are explained.     

电弧防护服性能测试及影响因素研究

针对电力行业电弧引发的事故,电弧防护服相关标准开始制定并逐步完善。现有电弧防护性能的标准测试方法包括开弧测试和盒式测试,针对不同形式的电弧,测试方式仍在不断发展。电弧防护性能的最常用的衡量指标是电弧热性能值ATPV。对于不同工作场所电弧服的选择是基于对工作现场的危害评级。最后文章总结了电弧防护服性能影响因素的研究,包括电弧防护性、热湿舒适性和作业适应性。未来的电弧防护服的开发会朝向更安全、低成本、更舒适的方向进行。     

非公路车辆翻车安全保护技术的研究

在我国农业、矿山、建筑、水利等行业中 ,非公路车辆保有量上千万台 ,使用者上亿人 ,由于车辆技术性能和操作使用水平参差不齐 ,非公路车辆作业工况恶劣 ,特别是车辆在承载时 ,重心上移 ,整车稳定性下降 ,加上车辆在边坡作业时 ,可能出现车辆翻滚现象 ,造成人员伤亡。笔者列举并分析了瑞典、德国、美国和中国等国家的非公路车辆翻车的人员伤亡统计数据 ;指出通过建立相应的保护法规 ,增设车辆翻车安全保护装置 (ROPS) ,一定程度上保护了工作人员安全 ;同时强调我国农业及工程车辆采用翻车保护装置的必要性 ,并给出了ROPS的设计选用原则。     

医用多功能防护服研究与发展

简要回顾了医用防护服的起源和发展历史,分析了国内外医用防护服的现状,论述了医用防护服的发展趋势。笔者通过大量调研和分析认为:对纺织材料、功能整理、织物复合和服装结构工艺进行系统研究设计,选用聚四氟乙烯复合膜和超微细熔喷材料作为隔离层,在保证隔离病毒的前提下,能有效排汗透湿,改善了医用防护服的舒适性;对涤纶织物进行拒水、抗静电、抗菌、阻燃等功能整理,解决了面料的协同增效和耐久性难题;根据抗“非典”防护服的要求,采用高性能隔离层材料,应用科学的合理工艺手段可以达到医用多功能防护服的要求。总后军需装备研究所,采用了一种新型独特的复合方法制成的PTFE复合膜层压织物,其具有集隔离病毒、透湿、拒水、抑菌、抗静电、阻燃、防血液渗透等多种功能于一体的特点,PTFE复合膜防护服可经多次机洗和消毒,能够适应不同寒、热环境使用。     

电子安全监控系统(PES)失效与控制

随着电子安全监控系统(PES)的日益广泛应用,其系统自身的安全保护已成为安全科技最前沿的问题之一.本文论述了PES在安全系统中的主要应用领域,分析了PES出现故障和失误的原因主要分为硬件故障、系统失误和管理缺陷三大类,提出了建立PES安全保护系统的技术路线和提高系统可靠性的技术措施.建议我国从标准化的角度深入开展电子安全监控系统的安全性研究.     

短胶化、冲击好耐候粉末涂料用聚酯树脂的研究

介绍了偏苯三甲酸酐、三羟甲基丙烷等单体的用量对耐候聚酯树脂粉末涂料胶化时间的影响及l，6-己二醇、2-甲基-l，3-丙二醇等单体对提高耐候聚酯树脂粉末涂层低温抗冲击性能的作用。     

一种车载长管式压缩空气呼吸器的研制

介绍了一种新型车载正压式压缩空气呼吸器的系统组成、主要技术性能、主要部件设计及试验情况。该车载空气呼吸器具有使用安全可靠、使用时间长的特点。     

Comparison of Pb and Cd adsorption to the surface coatings and surficial sediments collected in Xianghai Wetland

Surface coatings and surficial sediments were obtained in four natural waters in Xianghai Wetland in China to study the role of surface coatings and surficial sediments in controlling the transporting and cycling of heavy metals in aquatic environments. Pb and Cd adsorption to the surface coatings and surficial sediments were measured under controlled laboratory conditions(mineral salts solution with defined speciation, ionic strength 0.0.5 mol/L, 25℃ and pH 6.0 for surface coatings: and 0.00.5 mol/L CaCl2 solution, 25℃ and pH 6.0 for surficial sediments). The Langmuir adsorption isotherm was applied to estimate equilibrium coefficients of Pb and Cd adsorption to the surface coatings and surficial sediments, and the component analyses of surface coatings and surficial sediments were also carried out.Correlation analyses between the maximum adsorption of Pb and Cd (Гmax) and the components in the surface coatings and surficial sediments suggested that there was a statistically significant trend for Pb and Cd adsorption(Гmax) to the surface coatings to increase with increasing in contents of Fe and Mn oxides in the surface coatings and surficial sediments. And the metal adsorption abilities of surface coatings were much stronger than those of surficial sediments, highlighting that in the same water, i.e. at the same pH and initial metal concentrations, the metals(such as lead and cadmium) in supernatant were feasible to be adsorbed by surface coatings than surficial sediments. The more importance of surface coatings than surficial sediments for adsorbing and cycling of heavy metals in aquatic environments was evidenced.     

液体火箭推进剂个体防护装备的选择、使用和维护

液体火箭推进剂作业存在中毒、灼伤、窒息等危害,个体防护装备的合理选择和正确使用在避免伤害事故中起着至关重要的作用。本文根据液体推进剂作业特点,探讨个体防护装备的选择、配套和使用原则,以期能够有效防止推进剂伤害事故的发生,保障推进剂作业人员的健康和安全。     

大气等离子和超音速火焰喷涂CoCrAlYSi-hBN涂层组织和性能对比

目的 针对航空发动机叶片榫头/榫槽摩擦副工作中的微动磨损问题,开展CoCrAlYSi-hBN抗微动磨损涂层研究.方法 通过大气等离子(APS)和超音速火焰(HVOF)喷涂工艺,制备CoCrAlYSi-hBN涂层,采用扫描电镜(SEM)研究涂层的形貌和微观组织,采用显微硬度计和拉伸试验机测试涂层的显微硬度和结合强度,采用SRV试验机探究涂层的摩擦磨损性能.结果 APS喷涂CoCrAlYSi-hBN涂层熔化更充分,显微组织均匀,具有更多高含量的hBN和孔隙;HVOF喷涂CoCrAlYSi-hBN涂层显微组织具有明显的层状结构,涂层致密,hBN和孔隙含量少;APS喷涂CoCrAlYSi-hBN涂层的硬度平均值为168.4HV0.3,结合强度平均值为44.6 MPa,远小于HVOF喷涂CoCrAlYSi-hBN涂层的硬度(327.1HV0.3)和结合强度平均值(59.5 MPa).相比HVOF喷涂CoCrAlYSi-hBN涂层,APS喷涂CoCrAlYSi-hBN涂层虽然有更低的摩擦系数(0.75),但涂层磨损更严重,涂层磨痕表面有明显的涂层剥落,HVOF喷涂CoCrAlYSi-hBN涂层磨痕则出现更多的犁沟.结论 HVOF喷涂工艺制备的CoCrAlYSi-hBN涂层的综合性能优于APS喷涂CoCrAlYSi-hBN涂层,在摩擦过程中,两种工艺制备的CoCrAlYSi-hBN涂层都会转移到对偶件上,从而减少对偶件的磨损,有作为叶片榫头抗微动磨损涂层的潜力.