外界热辐射作用下木材热解和着火的预测模型

在突发的火灾过程中，可燃性固体材料的着火时间和热解特性是非常关键的参数。建立了预测木材在外界热辐射作用下热解和着火时间的数值模型，可以给出固体的质量损失速率、内部温度场随时间的变化，并根据模型计算得到的表面温度随时间的变化对着火时间进行预测。计算结果和实验测量值相符较好。     

初温和终温对废轮胎热解产物分布影响

以热重分析和固定床热解实验为基础,研究初温和终温对废轮胎热解产率及气相产物特性影响。实验结果表明:废轮胎的热解过程存在两个主要失重过程,第一失重温度区间为200～500℃,第二失重温度区间为650～800℃;升温速率仅改变了热解的最大失重速率,并未改变废轮胎最终热解失重率。固定床实验表明:初始温度低于100℃时,废轮胎在800℃时热解已基本结束;当终温为800℃,初始温度在100～550℃范围内时,随着初始温度的提高,固、气两相产物产率均提高,而液相产物产率降低;其中气相中H2、CO、CH4的含量高于初始温度小于100℃时的含量;分析认为:可通过调节热解的初始温度调节废轮胎热解在不同热解阶段的时间分配,适当提高热解初始温度有利于提高整个热解过程中的时间利用效率、改变废轮胎热解产物的分布;废轮胎热解气化的最佳温度区间为500～800℃。     

等离子体热解气化有机废弃物制氢的关键技术分析

等离子体热解气化有机固体废物制氢是一种先进高效的废物处理及资源化利用技术.首先,本文讨论了等离子体热解气化有机废弃物的机理,也概括了等离子体发生器的类型及其特点,其次分析了等离子体处理固体废弃物的影响因素,认为输入功率和载气类型等是影响等离子体处理的主要因素,最后总结了等离子体处理医疗垃圾、农林生物质、污泥等的应用现状与前景,指出等离子体热解气化固体废弃物是一种很有潜力的制氢方法.     

十溴联苯醚的热解及其影响因素研究

在200~300℃的温度范围内研究了十溴联苯醚(BDE-209)的热降解及其影响因素.结果表明,温度、时间以及硝酸铜、三氯化铁、氯化铝和氯化锌等处理线路板过程中产生的金属盐对BDE-209热降解有不同的影响.升高温度或延长热解时间均能促进BDE-209的热解,且温度对BDE-209降解的影响程度大于时间对其降解的影响;硝酸铜、三氯化铁和氯化铝对BDE-209的热解均起促进作用,促进作用的顺序为:硝酸铜 >三氯化铁 >氯化铝;氯化锌对BDE-209的热解有抑制作用;随着温度的升高,氯化铝和氯化锌对BDE-209热降解的影响减弱.该研究结果可为深入探究电子垃圾热处理过程中BDE-209的释放及降解提供科学依据.     

不同深度脱水污泥的热解特性及动力学分析

选用4种利于深度脱水的复合调理剂(FeCl3/CaO、FeCl3/CaO/煤粉、芬顿试剂(Fe2+和H2O2组成体系)/CaO、芬顿试剂CaO/煤粉)来改善污泥的脱水性能,所得泥饼的含水率为43.7%—56.1%,满足深度脱水的要求.CaO和煤粉的添加能改变污泥的灰分和挥发分含量.与传统聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)脱水污泥的热重分析对比结果表明,由于复合调理剂对EPS的破坏溶解作用,因此对污泥热解性质有较大影响,不仅能前移水分失重峰,还使得热重主要反应阶段峰个数变少.热解动力学计算表明,反应级数在1—2范围内.表观活化能差异表明4种复合调理剂处理后脱水污泥更容易发生热解反应.     

几种木质地板材料差热特性分析

为正确认识木质地板材料的燃烧特性,应用差热分析方法比较几种木质地板材料的燃烧性能。采用CRY-1型差热分析仪对8种木质地板与普通松木试样依据标准升温曲线进行差热试验,研究试样受热期间的峰特征。试验结果表明:不同品牌的复合地板在燃烧性能上基本相同,而实木地板由于所选基材材种不同,其热特征有很大的区别。总体上,复合地板火灾危险性高于实木地板。所选8种木质地板与普通松木的火灾危险性大小为试样③﹥试样⑦﹥试样⑥﹥试样②﹥普通松木﹥试样⑧﹥试样⑤﹥试样④﹥试样①。     

废旧酚醛树脂印刷电路板的热解特征

采用热重差热联用分析仪研究了废旧酚醛树脂电路板的热解特征,结果表明,热失重曲线有两个主要快速失重阶段(270℃—350℃,350℃—480℃),通过裂解气相谱质谱联用仪分析其主要裂解产物为苯酚、溴酚、二氧化碳、对甲苯酚、邻异丙烯基苯酚、邻甲苯酚、对异丙基苯酚、糠醛等.     

热解温度对青霉素菌渣热解产物的影响

将青霉素菌渣在400~700 ℃进行热解,研究了产物中热解炭、热解油及气体的产率,以及热解油的组成变化。实验结果表明：600 ℃时热解油产率最高,随着温度升高,热解炭的产率降低,气体的产率升高;热解油中含量最高的是含氧化合物,在400 ℃时质量分数达到最高值69.69%,含氧化合物的含量随着热解温度的升高而降低,酸和醇类是热解油中含量最多的含氧化合物;含氮有机化合物的质量分数随着热解温度的升高而升高,在700 ℃时达到最高值30.64%,酰胺、吡啶、吲哚、含氮杂环是主要的含氮有机化合物。     

Pyrolysis behaviors of oil sludge based on TG/FTIR and PY-GC/MS

Pyrolysis is an alternative technology for oil sludge treatment. Thermogravimetric Analysis-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry were employed to investigate the pyrolysis process and products of oil sludge. The pyrolysis process was divided into five stages: drying and gas desorption, oil volatilization, main pyrolysis, semi-coke charring, and mineral decomposition. The main reaction temperatures ranged from 497.6 K to 753.2 K. The products were mainly composed of pairs of alkane and alkene (carbon number ranges from 1 to 27). The mechanisms consisted of random chain scission followed by end chain scission at high temperatures with volatilization occurring during the whole process. This study is useful not only for the proper design of a pyrolysis system, but also for improving the utilization of liquid oil products.     

Study on HCl removal for medical waste pyrolysis and combustion using a TG-FTIR analyzer

Under both pyrolysis and combustion condition, HCl removal efficiency for medical waste with Ca-based additives was semi-quantitatively studied by means of TG-FTIR. Additionally, the difference of HCl removal efficiency for PVC and medical waste was compared. Experimental results showed that: 1) Thermal degradation of medical waste mainly took place in two steps under both pyrolysis and combustion condition; 2) HCl emitted at both two steps and HCl concentration increased with the increased of Cl ratio in the medical waste; 3) for the same additive, HCl concentration decreased with the increased of additives amount, that is to say, HCl removal efficiency of medical waste increased as the increased of Ca/Cl molar ratio. Fourth, when Ca(OH)₂ was used as additive, HCl removal efficiency for medical waste combustion was a little higher than that for medical waste pyrolysis, but either CaCO₃ or CaO was used as additive, it was just opposite, more specifically, when CaCO₃ was used as additive with Ca/Cl=1.3, HCl removal efficiency was 5.49% under pyrolysis condition, but that was only 4.24% under combustion condition. Fifth, under the same Ca/Cl molar ratio, HCl removal efficiency for PVC was higher than that for medical waste under both pyrolysis and combustion condition, more specifically, when Ca(OH)₂ was used as additive with Ca/Cl=1, HCl removal efficiency was 64.51% for PVC, but that was only 27.66% for medical waste pyrolysis with 4% Cl under pyrolysis condition.