适度处理污水回用于循环水系统的工业化应用

通过对镇海炼化适度处理污水回用于循环水系统工艺的介绍，提出运行中存在的问题及建议，为目前国内各炼油厂炼油污水回用提供参考和借鉴。     

利用激光雷达观测黄沙气溶胶

作为传统的黄沙监测技术的发展和延伸，激光雷达已经成为一种全新的黄沙观测手段，它的使用标志着对黄沙的观测由二维空间发展到三维空间。本文简要阐述了NIES型激光雷达的工作原理，激光雷达的构成，对利用激光雷达观测黄沙气溶胶进行了讨论，提出了利用激光雷达观测黄沙天气，具有连续性、准确性和可视化的三大特点。     

风沙化土地的整治与利用

风沙化是指干旱和半干旱地带以外地表具有风沙活动,并形成风沙地貌景观的过程。风沙化是继沙漠化研究之后的另一分支。风沙化土地既是可利用的土地资源,又是环境污染的物质源地。对风沙化土地宜采取整治与高效利用并举的措施。建设生物工程和发展生态农业是风沙化土地整治和利用的最佳途径。     

慢滤水处理工艺

本文对慢滤水处理工艺的技术特点进行了介绍．指出漫滤是一种不用投加任何化学药剂的水处理方法，出水水质好，几乎可完全去除水中的浊度、色度、有机物、细菌和病毒等污染物质，是一种处理低浊度地表水的有效方法．在我国乡镇供水工程中有广泛的应用前景．     

Removal of heavy metals through adsorption using sand

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渤海海水淡化反渗透法的预处理工艺

采用“消毒-混凝-澄清一砂滤”、“消毒-混凝-澄清-砂滤-超滤”以及“消毒-砂滤-超滤”三套海水淡化预处理工艺进行了试验对比。试验的目的在于获取可行的反渗透预处理工艺。表明,采用“消毒-混凝-澄清-砂滤-超滤”工艺或“消毒-砂滤-超滤”工艺是技术可行的反渗透预处理工艺,其中次氯酸钠为可选消毒剂,三氯化铁为较好的混凝剂,而超滤是不可或缺的单元处理工艺。     

Acetochlor as a soil pollutant

Acetochlor is a widely used herbicide all over the world. Similarly to other organic pollutants, the environmental fate of the acetochlor is strongly related to its adsorption properties. Static adsorption equilibrium measurements were carried out at 25 degrees C on different types of Hungarian soils characterized by varying amounts of organic matter and pH values. Isotherms obtained under different conditions, as well as on various soils, exhibit a similar shape, thus indicating a two-step adsorption process. The plots cannot be interpreted according to the classes of isotherms suggested by Giles. The adsorption coefficients (K) were estimated from the initial slope of the curves. These values were determined not only by the type of the soil, but also by the composition of the aqueous media. The organic matter adsorption coefficients (Kom) were also calculated and they were approximately identical for soils of high organic matter. Due to the low value of the adsorption coefficients, the acetochlor is a rather mobile pollutant of the soil posing a potential danger to the aquatic environment. For soils with high organic content, the Kom values are similar to each other and, due to the significant coverage of the inorganic surfaces, the adsorption is controlled by the solute-organic substance interactions. The adsorption of weakly polar compounds, however, is remarkable even on those soils where the organic content is low. In this case, the binding is governed by the solute-inorganic surface interactions. This conclusion is nicely proved by the adsorption of the acetochlor on quartz. According to our hypothesis, the second part of the adsorption step is controlled by the solute-adsorbed solute interactions. The role of the organic matter in this region of the isotherm is probably negligible. As the organic matter content of the soils plays an important role in the acetochlor adsorption, humic substances must have a strong influence upon the transport of this compound. Experiments to obtain adsorption isotherms of further pesticides and the development of a quantitative model are in progress.     

直接过滤-臭氧-生物活性炭工艺用于城市污水二级处理出水深度处理的研究

采用砂滤-臭氧-生物活性炭工艺在北京市某污水处理厂开展了以污水再生回用为目的的城市污水深度处理中试研究。在臭氧消耗量5mg／L，接触时间20min，生物活性炭空床停留时间（EBCT）为20min的条件下，出水浊度为1．5NTU左右，色度接近0，UV254从0．162cm^-1降低到0．08cm^-1，DOC和CODMn分别从10．1mg／L和12．8mg／L降低到6mg／L左右。由于对生物活性炭柱进行了曝气供氧，NH4^- N从40mg／L降低到5mg／L左右。     

Strontium isotope constraints on the seasonal variation of the provenance of base cations in rain water at Kawakami, Central Japan

The ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios in monthly precipitation in the forested basin at Kawakami, central Japan, varied seasonally from 0.709 to 0.711 in spring to as low as 0.7062 ± 0.0004 in autumn over nine years from 1987 to 1995. The seasonal variation can be explained in terms of the mixing of three sources of Sr: sea salt (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr 0.70917), soluble eolian minerals originating from deserts in continental Asia ( 0.711), and biogenic materials growing on soils derived from the volcanic rock substrates in the vicinity ( 0.706). It is estimated that the contribution of sea-salt Sr into the Kawakami rain Sr is relatively constant (10 ± 5%) and that more than half of the Sr is of biogenic origin throughout the year except during spring rains when 50% of the Sr is due to the dissolution of Ca-minerals from Asian dusts. The dominant contribution of eolian components to spring rains is consistent with the high concentration of ³H, which is typical of air masses from Asia.     

臭氧-生物活性炭工艺中砂滤池作用的研究

文章通过"臭氧-生物活性炭"中试研究发现,由于预臭氧的充氧和跌水作用,砂滤池有着很强的生物作用,对氨氮,亚硝酸盐氮和有机物有着良好的去除效果.