混合滤料的润湿性及其过滤处理含油废水性能

为了探究两种润湿性相反的特殊润湿性滤料的耦合作用,将超疏水超亲油石英砂滤料和超亲水水下超疏油石英砂滤料均匀混合,研究了混合滤料的润湿性以及过滤除油性能.结果表明,两种滤料混合组成的固体表面润湿性不满足每种滤料润湿性的加权平均关系,更符合二次曲线关系,决定系数高达0.9992;交替润湿性对过滤除油效率具有耦合增强作用.混合滤料的疏水亲油性越强,其除油效率、归一化附着效率和渗透系数都越大,反之亦然.滤料粒径越小,归一化附着效率的变化斜率越大,而滤速和床深对归一化附着效率的变化斜率影响不明显.滤料的疏水性具有增阻的效应,流速的增加有助于增大滤层的渗透系数.以上研究成果可为特殊润湿性混合滤料过滤处理含油废水提供研究思路和参考.     

Potential of capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry for the characterization and monitoring of amine-derivatized naphthenic acids from oil sands process-affected water

Capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry(CE–MS) was used for the analysis of naphthenic acid fraction compounds(NAFCs) of oil sands process-affected water(OSPW). A standard mixture of amine-derivatized naphthenic acids is injected directly onto the CE column and analyzed by CE–MS in less than 15 min. Time of flight MS analysis(TOFMS), optimized for high molecular weight ions, showed NAFCs between 250 and 800 m/z. With a quadrupole mass analyzer, only low-molecular weight NAFCs(between 100 and 450 m/z) are visible under our experimental conditions. Derivatization of NAFCs consisted of two-step amidation reactions mediated by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide(EDC), or mediated by a mixture of EDC and N-hydroxysuccinimide, in dimethyl sulfoxide, dichloromethane or ethyl acetate. The optimum background electrolyte composition was determined to be 30%(V/V) methanol in water and 2%(V/V) formic acid. NAFCs extracted from OSPW in the Athabasca oil sands region were used to demonstrate the feasibility of CE–MS for the analysis of NAFCs in environmental samples, showing that the labeled naphthenic acids are in the mass range of 350 to 1500 m/z.     

压电石英传感器测定空气中氮氧化物

通过电化学活化和硅烷偶联剂在石英谐振器的金电极表面修饰对氮氧化物(NO_x)敏感的金属酞菁化合物,制成压电气体传感器.探讨了不同敏感材料对NO_x的响应灵敏度、检出限及载气流速、温度和干扰气体等对传感器的响应和回复特性的影响.结果表明:酞菁铅最敏感;其适宜的载气流速为40 mL/min,温度范围为10~40 ℃;在9.55×10_-4~1.91 mg/m₃质量浓度范围内,有良好的线性响应关系;用于大气中NO_x的测定,有较好的可靠性和准确性.使用寿命约300次.