紫外分光光度法测定水中硫酸盐的探讨

紫外分光光度法测定水中微量硫酸盐，具有简便、快速、灵敏等优点，适用于清洁环境水样的分析，回收率为96％－110％，其分析指标符合水质分析要求。     

A proposed impact assessment method for genetically modified plants (AS-GMP Method)

An essential step in the development of products based on biotechnology is an assessment of their potential economic impacts and safety, including an evaluation of the potential impact of transgenic crops and practices related to their cultivation on the environment and human or animal health. The purpose of this paper is to provide an assessment method to evaluate the impact of biotechnologies that uses quantifiable parameters and allows a comparative analysis between conventional technology and technologies using GMOs. This paper introduces a method to perform an impact analysis associated with the commercial release and use of genetically modified plants, the Assessment System GMP Method. The assessment is performed through indicators that are arranged according to their dimension criterion likewise: environmental, economic, social, capability and institutional approach. To perform an accurate evaluation of the GMP specific indicators related to genetic modification are grouped in common fields: genetic insert features, GM plant features, gene flow, food/feed field, introduction of the GMP, unexpected occurrences and specific indicators. The novelty is the possibility to include specific parameters to the biotechnology under assessment. In this case by case analysis the factors of moderation and the indexes are parameterized to perform an available assessment.     

泥沙灾害和泥沙环境快速评估方法研究

泥沙灾害可以看作是泥沙环境突变或渐变积累到一定条件下发生变异时的表现形式，各类泥沙灾害和泥沙环境都具有不同的内涵和表现方面， 因此泥沙灾害和泥沙环境的评估应具有不同的对象。一旦研究的对象被确定，泥沙灾害的表现因子组合便可明确。类似地泥沙环境的环境变量和总体状况的指示怀变量也可确定。为了便于了解泥沙灾害和泥沙环境的关系，并提高评估效率，可将泥沙灾害和泥沙环境快速评估的参照组建立在能够包括影响二者表现特征的诸环境变量的最小图斑上，通过选取适当参照点，分类确定不同参照组，利用待评估地点孕灾环境因子（或环境变量）与不同参照组的相似分析。预测评估点的泥沙灾害和泥沙环境表现因子特征和动态过程.     

江苏省沿江城市饮用水系统适应能力评估

在对饮用水系统适应能力界定的基础上,基于水源地、供水、用水、排污处理和技术5个子系统的适应性要素构建沿江城市饮用水系统适应能力评价指标体系和评价模型,采用分指数与综合指数法评估系统的适应能力水平、存在问题,并据此对江苏省沿江地区城市饮用水系统适应能力分异特征、类型及影响因素进行深入探讨。结果表明,南部环太湖地区城市饮用水系统适应能力高于中部滨江地区,北部地区适应能力最低;从各子系统适应能力得分情况来看,需加大对沿江地区水源地的保护力度,合理规划港口、码头等的布设;加快北部地区供排基础设施的建设,提高风险应急防范能力;南部环湖地区重点开展节水型企业与生态工业园区创建。     

石蒜属植物的引种选育及快繁研究进展

石蒜属植物具有观赏、药用等利用价值。我国是石蒜属植物的主要分布区域,概述了近年来石蒜属植物在引种选育、开发利用及快速繁殖等方面的研究进展,对石蒜属未来的研究方向进行了展望,并对进一步开发利用该属植物资源提出建议。     

关于影响易损性分析结果的区域因素研究——以福建为例

以福建省震害快速评估系统为依托,以分析处理现场实际调查数据为基础,提出了主要影响易损性分析结果的四个区域因素及其影响指数值、区域综合指数值,提供了各分区的划分依据、各分区影响指数值的评定标准以及区域综合指数值的计算方法,为合理应用不同地区之间的易损性矩阵或易损性曲线提供了参考依据。     

浊度仪法快速测定水体中硫酸盐含量

为了适应野外水质快速测定的要求,根据硫酸钡比浊法的方法原理,采用浊度仪测定浊度的方法,建立了水体中硫酸盐含量的快速测定方法。实验考察了浊度、氯化钡加入形态、摇动时间,静置时间等影响因素。结果表明,浊度在5～25 NTU时,其对硫酸盐的测定几乎没有影响。在实验最佳条件下,氯化钡的加入量为0.2 g,中速手摇40 s,静置时间5min,所建立方法的线性范围为5～90 mg/L,相关系数R2=0.9998,方法的检出限为0.25 mg/L。加标回收率为94.00%～105.25%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.19%～1.75%(n=5),方法便携、简单,适用于野外与浊度同步测定。     

Can Rapid Assessment Protocols Be Used to Judge Sediment Impairment in Gravel‐Bed Streams? A Commentary

Land management agencies commonly use rapid assessments to evaluate the impairment of gravel‐bed streams by sediment inputs from anthropogenic sources. We question whether rapid assessment can be used to reliably judge sediment impairment at a site or in a region. Beyond the challenges of repeatable and accurate sampling, we argue that a single metric or protocol is unlikely to reveal causative relations because channel condition can result from multiple pathways, processes, and background controls. To address these concerns, a contextual analysis is needed to link affected resources, causal factors, and site history to reliably identify human influences. Contextual analysis is equivalent in principle to cumulative effects and watershed analyses and has a rich history, but has gradually been replaced by rapid assessment methods. Although the approaches differ, rapid assessment and contextual analysis are complementary and can be implemented in a two‐tiered approach in which rapid assessment provides a coarse (first‐tier) analysis to identify sites that deserve deeper contextual assessment (second‐tier). Contextual analysis is particularly appropriate for site‐specific studies that should be tailored to local conditions. A balance between rapid assessment and contextual analysis is needed to provide the most effective information for management decisions.     

DME简化反应模型及其在HCCI燃烧分析中的应用研究

提出了一个可应用于HCCI发动机工作过程研究的DME化学反应动力学简化模型,该模型由28种组分、38个基元反应组成,包括3个子模型,即低温反应和负温度系数区子模型、高温裂解和高温氧化子模型以及甲酸生成过程子模型.通过算例对比分析,该DME简化模型能正确揭示DME燃烧过程主要生成物组分的变化规律,能准确计算DME燃烧过程低温和高温阶段的放热特征时刻,其计算结果与详细机理计算结果吻合.相对于详细机理,简化模型节省了计算时间,为实现化学反应动力学与CFD多维模型耦合的燃烧计算提供了一个可行而有效的途径.     

环境中大肠杆菌快速生物检测技术研究进展

大肠杆菌作为水质卫生学指标,在环境水质监测中起着非常重要的指示作用.近年来为了克服大肠杆菌常规监测方法的不足,基于现代生物技术原理展开的环境中大肠杆菌的快速检测技术是国内外的研究热点.本文对环境介质大肠杆菌的分子生物学监测方法、免疫学检测方法等的原理及其在环境领域中的应用进行了综述和分析,并在此基础上对大肠杆菌的仪器化发展进行了展望.指出以现代生物技术为核心的并结合现代仪器技术的大肠杆菌快速检测技术将具有良好的应用前景,大肠杆菌的快速检测技术应向操作简单、快速、高灵敏度以及低成本方向发展.