安全氛围要素构成与重要性排序

关键要素构成及关联排序是安全氛围研究的基础性内容.通过文献回顾和事故案例分析,提取出由安全思想与理念、领导重视、危险源识别与风险分析控制、管理方式、员工参与、安全机构及方法、安全培训、标准化和其他共9维度构成的安全氛围架构,建立了72个指标要素和要素层级模型.运用层次分析法计算出各要素的权重,实现了要素的重要性排序,指标要素总的排序结果基本反映出企业现状.研究表明, 企业领导层应保持重视安全的持续性和一致性,工作中宜改变以管理和处罚等负面刺激为主的传统模式,设法激励员工主动参与.在具体实践中,宜重点加强关于个体行为改善、安全教育培训、管理科学、交流与沟通等方面工作.     

风险排序及其在环境风险管控中的应用

从风险排序的概念及应用需求出发,系统阐述了风险排序在当前风险管理特别是环境风险管控领域中的意义。指出风险排序是对风险定义在管理实践层面的应用深化。从风险排序影响因子的类别划分、来源构成、演化趋势以及排序方法的发展规律和优劣特征等角度进行系统综述,指出目前风险排序影响因子的界定及选取已呈现由风险理论限定过渡至突出服务风险管理为导向;风险排序方法学也逐步由单一方法排序过渡至多元方法互补排序的新阶段,逐步实现对风险排序结果的综合考量和准确度量。在此基础上,对风险排序方法在环境领域的实证研究进行归纳分析。总结指出了当前风险排序研究多以结果的量化表征为焦点,而其排序方法及配套排序指标选取的适用性、综合性及代表性检验仍需进一步研究分析,尤其是对排序机理、风险理论及风险管控需求间内在相互关系的系统解析将是未来实现风险排序客观全面提升的重要基础及意义所在。     

Subjective assessments of floor slipperiness before and after walk under two lighting conditions

A gait experiment was performed. The participants were tested under shoes, floors, surface and lighting conditions. They gave floor slipperiness ratings before and after a gait trial. The perceived sense of slip (PSOS) was collected. It was found that the perceived floor slipperiness (PFS) before walking was affected significantly by the lighting, floor and surface conditions. Relative low PFS values were recorded under wet and detergent-contaminated conditions in the normal daylight condition as compared with those in the dimmed condition. The PFS after the gait was significantly affected by the floor and surface conditions. The PSOS was highly correlated with the PFS after trial. The regression analyses results indicated that both the coefficient of friction (COF) of the floor and lighting were primary predictors of the PFS before a gait. The COF and walking speed were the primary predictors of the PFS after a gait.     

The concept of ecosystem health in water quality assessment and rating of anthropogenic loads

A methodological approach to water quality assessment within the scope of the ecosystem health concept is substantiated. Key tasks in water body pollution rating are specified. A rationale for the system of criteria for the diagnosis of aquatic ecosystem health is given on the basis of analysis of determinate changes in their organization levels under anthropogenic stress. The results of testing the proposed methods in water objects of the Volga basin and Lake Imandra are described.     

New Institutional Mechanism in China Facilitating the Global Sustainability——Environment to Be Counted in Officials'''' Performance Rating

Having argued the importance of China's sustainable development in global sustainability, the authors review the achievements of China in sustainable development, especially its institutional construction. Environment to be counted in official's political performance rating system is thought of as a new institutional mechanism in China facilitating its sustainable development and then global sustainability. Then its significance is narrated and visions in future are envisioned. In the end, certain concrete suggestions for the rating system are given in a practical way.     

常用噪声评价量的特点及运用

介绍了国内外常用的噪声评价量，并对其进行分析比较，详细阐述了每个评价量的特点及其适应范围，以便于准确地选用和科学地评价噪声的影响。     

基于专家判断的行为形成因子评分方法

本文在研究现有行为形成因子评分方法的基础上,提出了一种新的行为形成因子评分方法,该评分方法首先将行为形成因子对人绩效的影响作用分为人的可靠性、人的工作效率和人的工作负荷三个方面,针对每个方面将行为形成因子的水平又划分成5个等级,并通过问卷调查以获取行为形成因子每个等级的支持情况;然后设置了行为形成因子的评分范围,对每个等级赋予一定的数值,并结合问卷调查的结果得到行为形成因子每个方面的评分;最后使用层次分析法获得行为形成因子三个方面的相对权重,通过加权求和最终得到行为形成因子的综合评分。这种基于专家判断的评分方法在操作上比较简便,得到的结果能够体现行为形成因子对人绩效的全面影响,可以为人因可靠性分析提供有益的指导。     

黑龙江省农业生态环境现状分析

根据指数计算分级方法,依据农业生态环境特点,建立指标体系。根据黑龙江省现状算出其农业生态环境质量指数,再进行指标等级评价分析。用定量方法了解黑龙江省农业生态环境现状。分析农业生态环境问题,提出解决措施,改善农业生态环境,保证黑龙江省农业可持续性发展。     

我国大兴安岭地区森林雷击火发生的火险天气等级研究

借鉴加拿大林火天气指数(FWI)系统,改进其计算方法。利用大兴安岭地区1966-2006年的气象数据,得到历史上雷击火发生时的火险天气指数,统计分析确定我国大兴安岭地区森林雷击火发生的火险天气等级。根据实地采样测定的可燃物的含水率对计算方法进行了验证。通过统计雷击火发生的火灾级别来检验划分雷击火发生火险天气等级方法的合理性。