萃取净化电镀含镉废水

研究了二壬基萘磺酸(DNNSA)形成的微乳液从模拟含镉废水中萃取镉离子的工艺条件。分别考察了相体积比(O/A)、萃取时间、温度及萃取剂浓度对废水中镉离子萃取的影响。结果表明,萃取平衡时间为10 mim,降低温度及增加萃取剂浓度均有利于萃取。紫外光谱证实当DNNSA萃取镉时,所形成萃合物对萘环的结构无影响,且不会破坏微乳相的结构;分子荧光光谱表明镉离子对配体DNNSA有荧光猝灭作用。     

Two-echelon closed-loop supply chain deterministic inventory models in a batch production environment

This paper considers a two-echelon closed-loop supply chain consisting of a manufacturer and a remanufacturer at the upper echelon and a retailer at the lower echelon. The retailer faces a constant demand from customers, which is satisfied through recovered and new products received from the remanufacturer and the manufacturer, respectively. The manufacturer produces the product with finite rate, whereas the recovery of returned product is instantaneous at the remanufacturer. We develop three models to determine the optimal production-inventory policy of the players for minimizing the joint total cost of the system. In the first model, the retailer receives the product in batches from the manufacturer and the remanufacture simultaneously, whereas in the second and third models, the batches are received alternatively. In the third model, however, the procurement of raw material at the manufacturer is also considered. Numerical illustration is presented to examine the impact of certain key parameters.     

反渗透处理稀土氨氮废水试验研究

根据稀土冶炼厂排放的碳铵沉淀洗涤废水的水质情况,采用NH4Cl和 NaCl模拟废水进行了反渗透可行性对比实验。模拟实验发现,在相同条件下反渗透对NaCl 较NH₄Cl 有着更高的去除率,而NH₄Cl 相对NaCl则有着更高的产水速率。实际废水试验结果表明,在恒定操作压力范围内回收率为65%的条件下,NH₄Cl浓度为2.85 g/L的碳铵沉淀洗涤废水经反渗透处理其NH₄Cl去除率为77.3%,可作为氨氮废水的预处理。对该废水处理成本进行了分析,得出其约为2.7元/m³,比相近浓度氨氮废水的氨吹脱处理成本节省约26%。     

危险品运输实时监控及应急救援服务平台构建

针对我国危险品运输监管及应急救援现状,提出构建"危险品运输实时监控及应急救援服务平台"的技术方案。设计了平台系统的技术框架,介绍装载于危险品运输车辆之上的"监控终端"以及应急救援车辆之上的"智能终端"的基本功能,并以环保部门为例阐述了服务平台与危险废物监管政务平台之间的数据交换及功能耦合,以及利用服务平台开展危险品运输事故应急救援联动流程。该平台可望解决"危险品运输多部门监管数据不一致以及多部门联动应急救援调度困难"这一实际问题。     

正压空气呼吸器面罩的数字化设计

本文介绍了一种新型正压空气呼吸器面罩的结构设计。分别从数据采集、曲面重构及实体建模等方面对面罩的数字化设计步骤进行了详细阐述,并对面罩视野进行了初步校核。     

中国自然保护区的困境与出路

任何事物的发展总免不了挫折和失败,中国自然保护区在其发展过程中也是如此.经过50年的发展,我国的自然保护区面积与国土面积的比例已经超过了世界平均水平,但在其土地权属、与当地人民之间的利益关系上存在着很大的问题.在此,从与当地人民之间的关系出发,主要考察自然保护区的困境与出路.     

甲醛污染水的生物学效应

本实验研究甲醛污染的淡水和海水对细菌、植物和动物的生物学效应。甲醛的毒害作用是显著的。含0.036—0.36%甲醛的纯水能引起鼠伤寒沙门氏菌组氨酸缺陷型菌株TA100的回复突变,含0.036%、0.0036%、0.00036%甲醛的水溶液行短期(6h)处理紫露草花枝基部,24h休复后发现四分体细胞中微核率显著增高。含0.0018%、0.0036%、0.018%甲醛的水处理蚕豆根,引起根尖细胞中微核率明显增高。0.00018%甲醛的海水使马粪海胆幼虫在45min内死亡。0.0072%甲醛的海水使该幼虫在2min内死亡。0.0072%甲醛的海水能使贻贝担轮幼虫在5min内死亡。0.00018%甲醛的海水使贻贝幼虫在48h内死亡。0.000108%甲醛的海水使马粪海胆幼虫在72h内死亡。实验证明蚕豆根尖细胞和海胆幼虫是良好的监测淡水与海水污染的材料,甲醛能引起DNA中碱基对置换突变。甲醛在海水中产生增效效应。     

中国出口家电反向物流网络及其优化研究

文章分析了反向物流网络的特征、分类以及影响废旧家电回收反向物流构建的因素及构建原则;运用博弈论知识论证了进行废旧家电反向物流的必然性,在此基础上构建了废旧家电反向物流网络,运用混合整数线性规划模型对其进行优化.最后,本文运用例子证明了混合整数线性规划及其算法-分枝定界法的实用性和有效性.     

Alternating shortcut nitrification-denitrification for nitrogen removal from soybean wastewater by SBR with real-time control

A novel treating technology for nitrogen removal from soybean wastewater was studied. The process for nitrogen removal was achieved by alternating aeration and mixing, combined with real-time control strategies.Results showed that the COD and total nitrogen removal rates are more than 90% and 92% at COD and total nitrogen loads of 1.0- 1.2 kg COD/(kgMLSS. d) and 0.20- 0.27 kg TN/(kgMLSS. d), respectively. In addition, it could improve sludge settling property. SVl value is less than 70 g/ml during the whole cycles. The method not only may be adapted to treat soybean wastewater with high nitrogen, but also may be applied to treat other high nitrogen wastewater.     

酶催化合成草浆木质素-对甲酚共聚物的研究

在反相微乳液体系 (十六烷基三甲基溴化铵 \正丁醇 \异辛烷 \水 )中 ,用辣根过氧化物酶催化合成木质素 对甲酚共聚物 ,证实了反应的可行性。红外光谱的结果表明 ,木质素与对甲酚发生了聚合反应 ,差示扫描量热分析的结果也表明 ,引入对甲酚改善了木质素的热性能 ,合成的共聚物最高分子量可达 189万