太湖复合污染胁迫下生物体抗氧化标志物的响应

采用清洁地饲养鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)为监测对象,采取主动生物监测法(ABM)对太湖北部湾复合污染区梅梁湖与贡湖进行为期3周的生物监测.结果表明,在有机、重金属复合污染条件下鲫鱼肌肉组织中抗氧化酶谷胱甘肽(GSH)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GP_X)与谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)对污染物胁迫反应敏感,实验初期GSH出现显著抑制,而GP_X与GST出现显著诱导(P<0.05),实验后期均出现一定程度恢复,各监测点之间抗氧化酶没有表现出显著的差异.IBR综合分析表明,重金属离子对生物体抗氧化综合生物效应贡献最大,同时,浅水湖泊中风场的扰动影响不可忽略.     

对羟基脱硫实验中一些影响因素的研究

利用强电离放电方法将气体中大部分O2、N2、H2O等气体分子电离后加工成高浓度的羟基(OH#B)自由基,在120℃、不用外加催化剂、吸收剂条件下,在等离子体反应器内将SO2直接氧化成H2SO4雾,再用电收雾器加以回收。实验数据表明气体中SO2原始浓度、含水量以及折合电场强度等因素对脱硫率的影响很大。在SO2原始浓度为792×10-6(v/v),流量为0.1m3/h,含水量为3.6%(v/v),折合电场强度为370Td时,SO2脱除率达到了100%。     

软锰矿浆烟气脱硫制取电解锰新工艺的物质流分析

物质流指标及其分析方法,为循环经济发展研究提供了一种新颖而简捷的思维方式和研究手段。利用软锰矿浆进行烟气脱硫,并副产电解锰、高纯碳酸锰及尾渣综合利用生产水泥辅料的工艺体系,是一条新的软锰矿烟气脱硫资源化利用的循环工艺路线,符合循环经济＂3R＂原则。通过对电解锰工艺系统主工序及高硫煤燃烧和水泥生产等工序进行全方面分析,对生产过程的物质流动和能量流动情况进行研究,并将新的生产模式与传统方式进行对比,体现该体系的减量化、再利用和再循环特性。     

Synthesis of a highly recoverable 3D MnO2/rGO hybrid aerogel for efficient adsorptive separation of pharmaceutical residue

Water contamination by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as acetaminophen, is an emerging ecological concern. In this study, a new three-dimensional manganese dioxide-engrafted reduced graphene oxide (3D MnO₂/rGO) hybrid aerogel was developed for acetaminophen sequestration. The synthesis involved firstly the self-assembly of GO aerogel, followed by thermal reduction and in-situ MnO₂ growth by redox-reaction. The aerogel demonstrated interlinked planes with smooth surfaces deposited with MnO₂ nanospheres and pores of 138.4 – 235.3 µm width. The influences of adsorbent dosage, initial pH, acetaminophen concentration, temperature and contact time were investigated. It was determined that the adsorption of acetaminophen occurred on uniform sorption sites in the aerogel, as suggested by the best fit of data to the Langmuir isotherm, yielding a maximum adsorption capacity of 252.87 mg/g. This highest adsorption performance of the 3D MnO₂/rGO aerogel was attained at a dosage of 0.6 g/L, initial pH of 6.2 and temperature of 40°C. The process kinetics were in-line with the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetics at 10 and 20 – 500 mg/L concentrations, respectively. Thermodynamic assay showed the spontaneity and endothermicity features of the 3D MnO₂/rGO-acetaminophen system. The acetaminophen adsorption mechanisms were mainly hydrogen bonding and pore entrapment. Moreover, the as-synthesised aerogel was effectively regenerated using acetone and re-utilised in four adsorption-desorption cycles. Overall, the results highly recommend the implementation of the 3D MnO₂/rGO hybrid aerogel for purification of wastewater polluted by acetaminophen residue.     

改性软锰矿对活性红B-3BF模拟废水脱色研究

文章对不同改性软锰矿处理模拟染料废水进行了研究。改性后软锰矿能有效提高对模拟染料废水的脱色率和对pH的适应能力,同时能降低软锰矿的用量。在双氧水与软锰矿协同作用下,脱色率从14.35%提升到92.68%。对天然软锰矿和改性软锰矿进行分析显示,改性后的软锰矿颗粒粒径小,大小分布均匀,具有比天然软锰矿更好的孔道结构和表面羟基化程度。     

中国电池生产用汞量调查分析及削减对策

在调查分析中国2004年含汞电池的种类及用汞情况的基础上,对该行业的总用汞量进行了估算,并与1995年和2000年的数据进行了对比,分析了用汞量的变化趋势及其主要影响因素,提出了中国用汞量削减的主要对策。结果表明,电池行业的总用汞量呈显著下降后逐年上升趋势,扣式碱锰电池是今后用汞量削减的关键;该变化趋势是国内外限汞政策和经济快速发展导致的电池产品需求量增加综合作用的结果;其削减应主要集中于强化对现有低汞或无汞化政策的执行力度,加快扣式碱锰电池和糊式锌锰电池的无汞化进程,应尽快建立汞生产和销售环节的监督管理机制,建立含汞废电池的回收管理机制。     

STREAMFLOW DEPLETION: MODELING OF REDUCED BASEFLOW ANI INDUCED STREAM INFILTRATION FROM SEASONALLY PUMPED WELLS1

ABSTRACT: Numerical modeling techniques are used to analyze streamflow depletion for stream‐aquifer systems with baseflow. The analyses calculated two flow components generated by a pumping well located at a given distance from a river that is hydraulically connected to an unconfined aquifer. The two components are induced stream infiltration and reduced baseflow; both contribute to total streamflow depletion. Simulation results suggest that the induced infiltration, the volume of water discharged from the stream to the aquifer, has a shorter term impact on streamflow, while the reduced baseflow curves show a longer term effect. The peak impacts of the two hydrologic processes on streamflow occur separately. The separate analysis helps in understanding the hydrologic interactions between stream and aquifer. Practically, it provides useful information about contaminant transport from stream to aquifer when water quality is a concern, and for areas where water quantity is an issue, the separate analysis offers additional information to the development of water resource management plan.     

冶炼厂SO2软锰矿湿法脱硫研究

用自制的还原软锰矿作湿式净化ＳＯ２的吸收剂,在某冶炼厂用泡沫吸收塔进行了还原软锰矿湿法脱硫生产ＭｎＳＯ４Ｈ２Ｏ的现场扩大试验,研究了软锰矿还原的最佳实验室条件及ＳＯ２吸收的最佳扩大试验条件,用吸收液１次结晶得到纯度为９５％的ＭｎＳＯ４Ｈ２Ｏ产品     

锰砂催化氧化Fe(Ⅱ)为Fe(Ⅲ)的研究

探讨了锰砂催化亚铁反应的动力学特征及其反应机理。结果表明,锰砂作催化氧化剂,亚铁氧化反应速率可达３０９ｇ／（Ｌ．ｈ）,８０％以上的亚铁在反应初的１５ｍｉｎ内被除去。每ｇ锰砂的饱和氧化亚铁量在到０．４９－０．７３ｇ。     

Dynamics of Organic Carbon and Microbial Biomass in Alluvial Soil With Tillage and Amendments in Rice-wheat Systems

Rice-wheat cropping systems of the Indo-Gangetic plains (IGP) occupying 12 million ha of productive land are important for the food security of South Asia. There are, however, concerns that yield and factor productivity trends in these systems are declining/stagnating in recent years. Decrease in soil organic carbon is often suggested as a reason for such trends. A field experiment was conducted to study the soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) dynamics in the rice-wheat systems. Use of organic amendments and puddling of soil before rice transplanting increased SOC and MBC contents. Microbial biomass carbon showed a seasonal pattern. It was low initially, reached its peak during the flowering stages in both rice and wheat and declined thereafter. Microbial biomass carbon was linearly related to SOC in both rice and wheat indicating that SOC could be used as a proxy for MBC.