Thermal defluorination behaviors of PFOS,PFOA and PFBS during regeneration of activated carbon by molten salt

• New method of mineralizing PFCs was proposed. • Activated carbon was regenerated while mineralizing PFCs. • Molten NaOH has good mineralization effect on PFOS and PFBS. Current study proposes a green regeneration method of activated carbon (AC) laden with Perfluorochemicals (PFCs) from the perspective of environmental safety and resource regeneration. The defluorination efficiencies of AC adsorbed perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorobutanesulfonate (PFBS) using three molten sodium salts and one molten alkali were compared. Results showed that defluorination efficiencies of molten NaOH for the three PFCs were higher than the other three molten sodium salts at lower temperature. At 700°C, the defluorination efficiencies of PFOS and PFBS using molten NaOH reached to 84.2% and 79.2%, respectively, while the defluorination efficiency of PFOA was 35.3%. In addition, the temperature of molten salt, the holding time and the ratio of salt to carbon were directly proportional to the defluorination efficiency. The low defluorination efficiency of PFOA was due to the low thermal stability of PFOA, which made it difficult to be captured by molten salt.The weight loss range of PFOA was 75°C–125°C, which was much lower than PFOS and PFBS (400°C–500°C). From the perspective of gas production, fluorine-containing gases produced from molten NaOH-treated AC were significantly reduced, which means that environmental risks were significantly reduced. After molten NaOH treatment, the regenerated AC had higher adsorption capacity than that of pre-treated AC.     

甘氨酸母液脱色废活性炭的微波-Fenton试剂氧化法再生

采用微波-Fenton试剂氧化法对甘氨酸母液脱色过程中产生的废活性炭进行再生,考察了废活性炭再生率的影响因素,并用SEM对再生活性炭进行了表征.实验结果表明,在Fenton试剂中n(H2O2)∶n(Fe2+)为24∶1、H2O2的浓度为25 mmol/L、溶液pH为3、反应温度为55℃、反应时间为18 min、微波功率为600 W时,废活性炭的再生率可达到75.80％.     

活性炭湿式氧化再生效率评价方法

以苯酚为吸附质 ,重点研究活性炭在湿式氧化再生前后的碘值、焦糖值、穿透曲线、吸附等温线及标准吸附等温线法等几种再生效率评价方法的差异及其适用性 .通过对实验结果分析与比较 ,认为碘值、焦糖值和穿透曲线法不适宜评价活性炭WAO再生效率 ;而吸附等温线试验法虽能客观反映WAO中活性炭的再生效率 ,但其实验工作量太大不便使用 .研究结果还表明 :标准再吸附实验法是一种适合于活性炭湿式氧化再生的相对简便、灵敏、准确的再生效率的评价方法 .在WAO的主要参数即压力、温度和时间分别控制在 0.6MPa、250℃和 1h时 ,活性炭再生效率达到55% .     

Accelerated ash accumulation method for diesel particulate filter and its characterization: a review

ABSTRACT

It is well known that high-efficiency wall-flow particulate filter is the most commonly used technology that can effectively reduce both particulate matter (PM) and particulate number (PN) to comply with the latest emission legislations. Ash, defined as the noncombustible, non-evaporative residue derived mostly from lubricants, has critical impact on engine backpressure, particulate filter filtration efficiency and durability performance, therefore, the investigation of ash impact on particulate filter is of great importance. Due to cost-saving potential, several published methods from different laboratories for accelerated ash loading under carefully controlled conditions are described in this review, including some characterization methods that have been used for the evaluation of filter performance. In addition, the impact of ash deposit on back pressure and regeneration performance are also discussed in this review.     

An experimental-computational study of DPF soot capture and heat regeneration

ABSTRACT

A diesel particulate filter (DPF) can effectively reduce the exhaust emissions of particulate matter (PM) and meet emission regulations. We report herein an experimental-numerical study to investigate the soot capture and regeneration behavior in a commonly used DPF. Simulations are performed using the AVL FIRE software that considers a fairly detailed DPF model. The model is validated using measured pressure drop history during soot capture, and temperature history during regeneration from a parallel experimental study using a diesel engine equipped with a DPF. Then, a detailed numerical study is performed to examine the soot capture and heat regeneration processes, and characterize the effects of various parameters on these processes and on DPF performance. Results indicate that the pressure drop during soot loading can be reduced by increasing the CPSI (channels per square inch), minimizing the amount of residual soot in each regeneration cycle, and using moderate gas flow rates. The DPF regeneration performance is characterized in terms of the rates of temperature rise and soot oxidation. Results indicate that these rates are enhanced, as the oxygen content in the exhaust stream is increased to about 12%, the rate of thermal heating is moderately increased, and as the exhaust gas flow rate is increased. Thus, the regeneration efficiency can be significantly improving by optimizing these parameters.     

建筑垃圾的处理及再生利用研究

在此对国内外建筑垃圾的现状进行了研究。对分选、破碎后的垃圾骨料进行了坚固性、压碎值等试验 ;将其替代新鲜石子做再生混凝土 ,并对再生混凝土的强度、弹性模量、抗冻、抗渗性能进行了试验。试验结果表明 ,强度损失很小 ,模量损失约 2 0 % ,抗冻指标 >D5 0。     

废橡胶热解制油品和化学品实验研究

在实验室进行废橡胶的固定床热解实验 ,研究热解条件主要是温度对热解产物及其组成的影响 ;选择最佳热解条件 ,以得到较高的产物收率和质量 ;研究表明 ,所得到的热解液体中 ,轻中馏分可作为汽、柴油馏分 ,重馏分可作为橡胶加工中的填充油 ;热解的固体残余物经处理后可得到橡胶工业中的半补强炭黑 ,初步估算 ,废橡胶热解工艺有较高经济效益。     

Fe(Ⅱ)(DMPS)2用于烟气脱硫脱硝的研究

首先分析了亚铁和二巯基丙烷硫酸根[Fe(Ⅱ)(DMPS)2]化合物的脱硝机理,NO的脱除主要基于其与Fe(Ⅱ)(DMPS)2生成亚硝酰基化合物.对鼓泡反应器中吸收传质机理的研究表明,化学反应速率和传质速率对脱硝过程有重要影响.同时探讨了液气比、烟气中NO浓度、烟气流速和pH值等因素对脱硝效果的影响,还讨论了Fe(Ⅱ)(DMPS)2的再生方法.提出了该方法存在的问题.     

粒状活性炭的电化学再生实验研究

研究了吸附苯酚的饱和粒状活性炭在电化学反应器中的再生实验，结果表明电化学再生活性炭是可行的。电流密度、电解时间、电解质浓度等因素是电化学再生过程的主要影响因素。     

导电泡沫陶瓷过滤柴油机排气微粒的研究

柴油机排气微粒对环境危害严重,研究开发排气过滤技术是解决问题的有效措施之一.利用表面密集排列短纤维的导电泡沫陶瓷作为微粒过滤器的滤芯,对柴油机排气微粒的过滤效率可达90%,并可进行原位通电加热再生,再生后过滤效率不下降.同时,对表面纤维化导电泡沫陶瓷的过滤机理进行了初步探讨.