关于排污权的一级市场和二级市场问题

在分析建立和完善排污权市场机制必要性的基础上,提出了排污权一级市场和二级市场的概念,阐述了参与主体不同、实施手段不同、风险大小不同和作用效果不同是一级市场与二级市场的主要区别;指出排污权一级市场需要解决的核心是公平问题,二级市场需要解决的核心是效率问题,并提出了保证排污权一级市场的公平性和提高二级市场效率的若干重要措施.这对于当前我国实施排污权有偿取得与排污交易,建立排污权市场机制具有重要借鉴意义.     

运用模拟方法解决步行街人车混流区问题

在分析城市步行街及其周边存在人车混行、人员密度高、通行效率低、潜在的危险大的基础上,笔者用计算机模拟方法研究了沈阳市中街步行街的一个人车混行的交叉路口,实际勘察了十字路口道路格局、车流、人流状况,测量、估计通过路口的人数、流量,根据获得的数据,对不设置交通信号灯、设置信号灯、建设过街天桥或地下通道等几种情况进行模拟,得到各种情况下的通行效率,并对不同的过街方案的优缺点进行比较。最终选择过街方案需要综合考虑影响安全和效率的多种因素,包括地域、人流量、路口宽度、周边交通等因素,用较小的经济投入取得最大的通行效率。文中的模拟采用EXODUS软件。     

The Mixed Mechanism in the Management of Water Resources in China

1 INTRODUCTION As an irreplaceable resource for the subsistence and development of mankind, water is essential to sustainable economic and social development. As a resource-poor and the biggest developing country in the world, China is facing the challenge from water resources.2 THE MAIN PROBLEMS OF CHINA'S WATER RESOURCES In China, the problems of water resources involve four aspects: drought and water shortage, serious threats of flooding, water pollution, soil erosion an…     

半干法脱硫工艺的影响因素分析

介绍了半干法LIFAC脱硫工艺的特点及在浙江钱清发电有限责任公司的实际应用情况。通过对该工艺实际运行状况的分析和提高脱硫效率的试验，提出了将炉前喷射改为四角切圆喷射技术，从而达到较稳定的运行状态，并提高脱硫效率。半干法脱硫工艺具有投资少，占地面积小的优点，运行5年多采，已累计削减SO2 20396t，取得了良好的社会效益。     

烧结机头电除尘器的特点及选型探讨

随着烧结工艺的发展，排放标准的提高，对机头电除尘器的要求越来越严格。然而高碱度烧结和高负压操作法等生产工艺却对机头电除尘器造成严重影响。本文针对烧结机头电除尘器的烟气、烟尘特点，充分讨论机头电除尘器在选型时应该考虑的几个问题，以满足机头工艺除尘的要求，以达到净化烟气的目的。     

采煤沉陷对生态环境的影响及其修复措施——以邹城矿区为例

采煤沉陷区生态环境形势严峻，土地复垦势在必行。分析了采煤沉陷对邹城矿区生态环境的影响，并提出了疏干法、就地平整法、挖深垫浅法等实际的土地生态修复措施。     

有机污染物的微生物处理研究进展

微生物处理是一种费用低，效果好，无二次污染且操作简单的处理方法。本文就国内外污泥中有机污染物的微生物处理进行了论述，总结了微生物处理有机污染的研究进展及其主要研究方向。     

变速循环流化床烟气脱硫实验和机理分析

以循环流化床原理为基础,在变速循环流化床试验台上进行了烟气脱硫小试研究． 烟气流量为５００ｍ³／ｈ 时,气体在脱硫系统中的理论停留时间为３．２ｓ． 用干消化石灰得到的熟石灰粉末作为脱硫剂,在Ｃａ／Ｓ摩尔比为１．１,喷水量为１１ｋｇ／ｈ,保持趋近绝热饱和温度ΔＴ＝ １２℃时,系统脱硫效率可以达到８９％ ． 对影响脱硫效率的主要因素进行了分析,认为喷水量是影响脱硫效率的最关键因素,并对脱硫机理进行了初步探讨．     

Effect of the water–oil ratio on brine/surfactant/alcohol/oil systems optimized for soil remediation

The optimum middle-phase microemulsion used for remediation of oily contaminated soils is often obtained by mixing a certain amount of a surfactant/alcohol mixture with oil and adjusting the salinity concentrations at a constant water–oil ratio. Upon introduction to the subsurface, however, the system may not be in the optimum state throughout the remediation process owing to the change in the water–oil ratio. This research has attempted to investigate the effect of the water–oil ratio on the phase behavior of systems containing brine, anionic surfactant, alcohols, and different oils. By systematically changing the water–oil ratio, while keeping the others variables constant, the systems exhibited different phase behavior. The results revealed that the effect of the water–oil ratio on system behavior was significant, and analogous to that of salinity. Increasing the water–oil ratio led the system change from winsor I → winsor III → winsor II. The greater the water–oil ratio the lower the salinity required to produce the middle-phase microemulsion, but the narrower the salinity range of the three-phase region. An empirical correlation has been developed in order to predict the changes in phase behavior with the changes in water–oil ratio. This provides a useful tool for designing optimum formulations suitable for soil remediation. Received: October 5, 1999 / Accepted: March 27, 2000     

超临界水氧化方法处理含酚废水

在亚临界及超临界条件下,在间歇式、连续式反应器中研究了温度、压力、停留时间对苯酚去除率的影响。发现在其他条件不变的情况下,随反应温度和压力的升高,停留时间的延长,苯酚的去除率提高;在很短的停留时间内,苯酚的去除率可达９６％以上。对苯酚氧化中间产物的研究证明了该技术的氧化彻底性。