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41.
本研究的目的是探讨不同洗涤蜂窝煤灰渣在不同酸碱性土壤中对重金属的稳定效果.在酸性的淳安土壤(铅、镉、铜、锌污染)和石灰性的济源土壤(铅、镉污染)中以4%用量加入灰渣,培养60 d后测定土壤性质.结果表明,灰渣对淳安土壤pH和EC值的增加效果要大于对济源土壤的影响.原灰渣、硫酸洗灰渣和盐酸洗灰渣加入淳安土壤均可显著降低土壤DTPA提取态铅、镉、铜和锌的含量(p0.05),灰渣对济源土壤DTPA提取态重金属的含量影响较小.对于济源土壤,硫酸洗和盐酸洗灰渣与磷酸盐结合施用后土壤DTPA-Pb含量分别下降20.9%和33.1%.对于淳安土壤,加入3类灰渣后土壤DTPA-Pb含量下降26.8%~41.8%;对于淳安土壤,不论是单独施用还是与磷酸盐结合施用,硫酸洗灰渣对铜、锌稳定效果均强于盐酸洗灰渣.以上结果说明,蜂窝煤灰渣在酸性土壤中对重金属有更强的稳定作用,硫酸洗灰渣和盐酸洗灰渣对土壤重金属的稳定作用存在差异. 相似文献
42.
Jie Liu Junjun Ma Weizhang Zhong Jianrui Niu Zaixing Li Xiaoju Wang Ge Shen Chun Liu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2023,17(4):51
43.
44.
F. Boudrahem F. Aissani-Benissad H. Aït-Amar 《Journal of environmental management》2009,90(10):3031-3039
Lignocellulosic materials are good precursors for the production of activated carbon. In this work, coffee residue has been used as raw material in the preparation of powder activated carbon by the method of chemical activation with zinc chloride for the sorption of Pb(II) from dilute aqueous solutions.The influence of impregnation ratio (ZnCl2/coffee residue) on the physical and chemical properties of the prepared carbons was studied in order to optimize this parameter. The optimum experimental condition for preparing predominantly microporous activated carbons with high pore surface area (890 m2/g) and micropore volume (0.772 cm3/g) is an impregnation ratio of 100%. The developed activated carbon shows substantial capability to sorb lead(II) ions from aqueous solutions and for relative impregnation ratios of 75 and 100%, the maximum uptake is practically the same. Thus, 75% represents the optimal impregnation ratio.Batch experiments were conducted to study the effects of the main parameters such as contact time, initial concentration of Pb(II), solution pH, ionic strength and temperature. The maximum uptake of lead(II) at 25 °C was about 63 mg/g of adsorbent at pH 5.8, initial Pb(II) concentration of 10 mg/L, agitation speed of 200 rpm and ionic strength of 0.005 M. The kinetic data were fitted to the models of pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order, and follow closely the pseudo-second order model. Equilibrium sorption isotherms of Pb(II) were analyzed by the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models. The Freundlich model gives a better fit than the others.Results from this study suggest that activated carbon produced from coffee residue is an effective adsorbent for the removal of lead from aqueous solutions and that ZnCl2 is a suitable activating agent for the preparation of high-porosity carbons. 相似文献
45.
S. Mohapatra A. K. Ahuja M. Deepa G. K. Jagadish N. Rashmi D. Sharma 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(3):264-271
Flubendiamide is a new insecticide that has been found to give excellent control of lepidopterous pests of tomato. This study has been undertaken to develop an improved method for analysis of flubendiamide and its metabolite des-iodo flubendiamide and determine residue retention in tomato and soil. The analytical method developed involved extraction of flubendiamide and its metabolite des-iodo flubendiamide with acetonitrile, liquid-liquid partitioning into hexane-ethyl acetate mixture (6:4, v v?1) and cleanup with activated neutral alumina. Finally the residues were dissolved in gradient high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) grade acetonitrile for analysis by HPLC. The mobile phase, acetonitrile-water at 60:40 (v v?1) proportion and the wavelength of 235 nm gave maximum peak resolution. Using the above method and HPLC parameters described, nearly 100 % recovery of both insecticides were obtained. There was no matrix interference and the limit of quantification (LOQ) of the method was 0.01 mg kg?1. Initial residue deposits of flubendiamide on field-treated tomato from treatments @ 48 and 96 g active ingredient hectare?1 were 0.83 and 1.68 mg kg?1,respectively. The residues of flubendiamide dissipated at the half-life of 3.9 and 4.4 days from treatments @ 48 and 96 g a.i. ha?1, respectively and persisted for 15 days from both the treatments. Des-iodo flubendiamide was not detected in tomato fruits at any time during the study period. Residues of flubendiamide and des-iodo flubendiamide in soil from treatment @ 48 and 96 g a.i. ha?1 were below detectable level (BDL, < 0.01 mg kg?1) after 20 days. Flubendiamide completely dissipated from tomato within 20 days when the 480 SC formulation was applied at doses recommended for protection against lepidopterous pests. 相似文献
46.
Cintya Aparecida Christofoletti Janaína Pedro Escher Jorge Evangelista Correia Julia Fernanda Urbano Marinho Carmem Silvia Fontanetti 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2013,33(12):2752-2761
The inadequate and indiscriminate disposal of sugarcane vinasse in soils and water bodies has received much attention since decades ago, due to environmental problems associated to this practice. Vinasse is the final by-product of the biomass distillation, mainly for the production of ethanol, from sugar crops (beet and sugarcane), starch crops (corn, wheat, rice, and cassava), or cellulosic material (harvesting crop residues, sugarcane bagasse, and wood). Because of the large quantities of vinasse produced, alternative treatments and uses have been developed, such as recycling of vinasse in fermentation, fertirrigation, concentration by evaporation, and yeast and energy production. This review was aimed at examining the available data on the subject as a contribution to update the information on sugarcane vinasse, from its characteristics and chemical composition to alternatives uses in Brazil: fertirrigation, concentration by evaporation, energy production; the effects on soil physical, chemical and biological properties; its influence on seed germination, its use as biostimulant and environmental contaminant. The low pH, electric conductivity, and chemical elements present in sugarcane vinasse may cause changes in the chemical and physical–chemical properties of soils, rivers, and lakes with frequent discharges over a long period of time, and also have adverse effects on agricultural soils and biota in general. Thus, new studies and green methods need to be developed aiming at sugarcane vinasse recycling and disposal. 相似文献
47.
综述了基于石墨烯构建的电化学传感器在重金属、有毒气体、农药残留、酚类有机污染物等对环境造成一定危害的物质检测中的应用,并展望了石墨烯电化学传感器在环境监测领域中的发展。 相似文献
48.
以碘吸附值为裂解残渣吸附性能的指标,通过单因素实验和正交实验,确定了制备裂解残渣的最佳工艺条件,并对残渣的表面元素组成、孔结构组成、晶相组成和吸附性能等性质进行了表征。结果显示:以浓度均为5 mol/L的ZnCl2和H2SO4作活化剂、复配比2∶1、活化温度600℃、活化时间1 h、固液比1∶2.5,制得的裂解残渣酸洗后碘值平均值可达892.8 mg/g;用制备的裂解残渣对苯酚废水进行处理,室温下振荡5 min,苯酚去除率即可达到87.9%,且符合Langmuir吸附等温线方程和Freundlich吸附等温线方程。 相似文献
49.
生物质铬渣共热解工艺是新型的铬渣处理工艺,该工艺能有效地将铬渣中的Cr(Ⅵ)还原为Cr(Ⅲ).而由于共热解产物总铬含量较高,因此考察了铬渣与秸秆共热解过程中铬稳定性.通过考察共热解产物成分及形态分析、pH影响实验、淋洗实验及长期稳定性实验,对共热解铬渣的铬环境安全性进行评估.结果表明:(1)共热解温度对铬渣形态有较大影响,可交换态及碳酸盐结合态铬含量随共热解温度升高而逐渐降低,800℃时候可交换态铬降至<0.1%(质量分数,下同),碳酸盐结合态铬为1.2%;共热解后最稳定的残渣态铬含量随共热解温度升高而逐渐升高.(2)当pH>7时,两种共热解产物总铬溶出量极低,基本都小于6mg/kg;当pH≤7时,总铬的溶出量显著增加,最高超过500 mg/kg.但由于解毒铬渣的酸中和能力极强,因此铬释放风险较低.(3)共热解产物的总铬累积溶出量极低,根据拟合结果计算出其100年填埋时间的总铬溶出量不超过1.3 mg/kg.长期稳定性实验表明,自然堆置过程中共热解产物的Cr(Ⅵ)含量逐渐降低. 相似文献
50.
铬渣的热解无害化处理 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用热解工艺无害化处理铬渣,探讨了稻秆在铬渣无害化处理中的作用.研究了热解温度、稻秆与铬渣质量比、铬渣粒径及保温时间对铬渣热解无害化处理的影响,并分析了热解前后热解产物中铬元素形态的变化.结果表明,热解工艺能有效地将铬渣中Cr(Ⅵ)还原,稻秆热解过程中产生的气相挥发分对Cr(Ⅵ)的还原起核心作用.较为适宜的热解条件:热解温度为400 ℃,稻秆与铬渣质量比为0.10,铬渣粒径<2 000 μm,保温时间为10 min.在该热解条件处理下,热解产物中的Cr(Ⅵ)质量浓度为121 mg/kg,低于热解前铬渣中的Cr(Ⅵ)(3 400 mg/kg).热解后,可交换态及碳酸盐结合态铬含量降低,大部分铬转化成了稳定的有机结合态和残渣态,极大地降低了铬渣的危害.第一作者:张大磊,男,1982生,博士研究生,研究方向为固体废弃物热处理. 相似文献