垃圾填埋场污染土的电性与磁性响应研究

以武汉市二妃山垃圾填埋场为研究对象,运用污染土的电性、磁学以及地球化学等分析手段,借助多元统计方法,研究土壤剖面电性、磁学参数与元素含量之间的关系,探讨土壤电阻率法和环境磁学方法在城镇垃圾填埋场污染土快速监测中应用的可行性.研究表明,电磁法测深技术可获得污染土壤地层的垂向电阻率分布情况,污染后的地层电阻率呈现阶梯变化,具有明显分层现象.说明了电阻率法在污染区域划分具有一定的可能性.根据电阻率垂向特征,对剖面进行了环境磁学和重金属分析的样品采集和测定分析,发现土壤的磁学参数与电阻率、重金属含量具有良好的一致性.污染后土壤具有电阻率减小,磁化率增大,重金属含量升高等特点,证明了电阻率和磁化率都能较好反映出土壤的污染程度.污染土典型样品的热磁曲线表明,污染后的土壤比未受污染的土壤含有更多的铁磁性矿物.由此表明利用土壤电性和磁性对污染程度的指示作用都具有良好的响应,可替代繁琐的重金属检测.     

北京数字化地电阻率干扰识别与异常分析

整理分析了北京地区数字化地电阻率观测数据中的各种干扰因素,并研究了北京及邻近地区4级以上地震前数字化地电阻率的短临异常特征。为利用数字化地电阻率数据及时识别干扰,准确捕捉地震短临异常信息提供了可借鉴的实例。     

新丰江中心地震台地电均方差异常探讨

河源地电台在地电资料观测过程中发现:从1997年1月下旬至1997年12月上旬,第3道(N80°W)观测到了五次长时间、连续、大幅度的均方差异常现象(图1),在每次异常结束附近或较显著转折处均有3.0级以上本区地震发生,这种现象在目前国内外地电的相关报道中尚属少见[1],由图1也可以看出,在每次均方差异常期间相应的自然电位及地电阻率呈锯齿状变化;震级的大小与均方差异常的幅度及延续时间有一定的关系。本文试图对这一现象作一些分析探讨,并从实地调查的结果进一步说明了其发生的可能机理,对相关现象提出了一些讨论。     

传动式电除尘器处理活性石灰竖炉烟气

根据活性石灰竖炉烟气的特点，对传动式电除尘器处理活性石灰竖炉烟气进行风量为１０００ｍ３／ｈ的中间试验研究。结果表明，传动式电除尘器在处理粘性和高比电阻粉尘方面有其独特之处，它能够针对烟气的特殊性，有效地解决常规处理方法所遇到的难题     

Electrical resistance characteristics of starch foams

The insulative character of expanded polystyrene loose-fill packing material supports the immobile triboelectric charge on its surface, causing static cling. One beneficial property of starch-based loose-fill is its antistatic behavior, which prevents the buildup of electrostatic charges on the foam surface, resulting in no static cling. This investigation explores the electrical resistance characteristics of plasticized starch materials such as commercial loose-fill. Electrical resistance standards used in this study to measure surface resistance and static decay properties are ASTM D 257-78, EOS/ESD S-11, and EIA 541. Following these established testing protocols, the electrical resistance of starch-based and expanded polystyrene loose-fill is quantified. Surface resistivity, measured at 12% RH, of starch-based loose-fill products is less than 1.0×10¹² per square characteristic of inherently static dissipative materials.Names are necessary to report factually on available data; however, the USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of the product, and the use of the name by the USDA implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may be suitable.Presented at the 1995 International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies, Symposium onEnvironmental Polymer Biodegradation, December 17–22, 1995, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.     

Formation factor logging by electrical methods. Comparison of formation factor logs obtained in situ and in the laboratory

In this paper, a new in situ method for obtaining the formation factor, which is essential for the matrix diffusion, is described and tested in intrusive igneous rock. The method is based on electrical resistivity measurements in rock where the pore water and rock resistivities are essential parameters. The method is based on electromigration instead of diffusion as in traditional diffusion experiments. In previous works, quantitative formation factors of rock have been obtained by electrical methods in the laboratory. Here, a similar approach is used in situ. An in situ logging campaign was performed by SKB during 2000 in the 1700-m-deep borehole KLX02 in Laxemar, Sweden. The rock resistivity was measured with the slimhole Dual Laterolog from Antares. The groundwater resistivity was measured with the Difference Flow Meter from Posiva. A formation factor log was obtained with the maximum vertical resolution of 10 cm. In order to validate the log, 100 rock samples were taken from the bore core, and a formation factor log was obtained by using electrical methods in the laboratory. Both direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) were used. The measurements on the core confirmed that the in situ log was quantitative, but with a possible systematic error. The in situ formation factors were on average about 1/3 to 1/5 of the laboratory formation factors, depending on depth.     

A multi-flowpath model for the interpretation of immiscible displacement experiments in heterogeneous soil columns

This work focuses on the phenomenon of the immiscible two-phase flow of water and oil in saturated heterogeneous soil columns. The goal is to develop a fast and reliable method for quantifying soil heterogeneities for incorporation into the relevant capillary pressure and relative permeability functions. Such data are commonly used as input data in simulators of contaminant transport in the subsurface. Rate-controlled drainage experiments are performed on undisturbed soil columns and the transient response of the axial distribution of water saturation is determined from electrical measurements. The transient responses of the axial distribution of water saturation and total pressure drop are fitted with the multi-flowpath model (MFPM) where the pore space is regarded as a system of parallel paths of different permeability. The MFPM enables us to quantify soil heterogeneity at two scales: the micro-scale parameters describe on average the effects of pore network heterogeneities on the two-phase flow pattern; the macro-scale parameters indicate the variability of permeability at the scale of interconnected pore networks. The capillary pressure curve is consistent with that measured with mercury intrusion porosimetry over the low pressure range. The oil relative permeability increases sharply at a very low oil saturation (< 10^− 3) and tends to a high end value. The water relative permeability decreases abruptly at a low oil saturation (~ 0.1), whereas the irreducible wetting phase saturation is quite high. The foregoing characteristics of the two-phase flow properties are associated with critical (preferential) flowpaths that comprise a very small percentage of the total pore volume, control the overall hydraulic conductivity, and are consistent with the very broad range of pore-length scales usually probed in soil porous matrix.     

SO3烟气调质系统在华润登封电厂的应用

采用SO3烟气调质的方法对华润登封电厂2号炉电除尘器进行提效改造。介绍了SO3烟气调质系统的工作原理、工艺流程、改造实施过程及改造前后的效果对比．对该技术的推广应用具有借鉴意义。     

重金属污染场地电阻率法探测数值模拟及应用研究

为了分析重金属污染场地的电阻率法探测效果,建立典型污染场地的电阻率模型,采用有限元法对电阻率法探测进行数值模拟,分析电阻率法探测的典型装置———温纳装置对于不同污染程度和污染区域的探测效果.模拟结果表明,电法装置的探测效果受到污染程度和污染区域埋深的影响,污染程度越严重,探测得到的低阻异常越明显,污染区域越容易识别;反之,污染程度较轻时(污染土壤与背景土壤电阻率比值大于60%),温纳装置探测无法得到明显的低阻异常,不利于污染区域判断;污染区域越靠近地表,则越容易被检测出,污染区域埋深较深时,视电阻率断面图异常不明显,不易污染区域判断.实际场地电阻率法探测结果也表明,电阻率法能够正确检测出污染相对严重的区域.     

基于深度卷积神经网络的场地污染非线性反演方法

提出了将Sobel边缘检测算子与深度卷积神经网络（CNN）算法结合的方法（E-ConvNet），用于污染场地的ERT反演过程.通过Sobel算子提取污染区域视电阻率数据的边缘特征作为CNN的先验信息，提高E-ConvNet的计算效率及识别精度.在5种理论模型（单异常体、双异常体及含双异常体的层状结构）和现场实例上测试了E-ConvNet算法的性能，并与最小二乘算法（LS）比较.测试结果表明：E-ConvNet能够准确识别污染处的面积、位置及阻值，其识别精度和计算效率均优于LS.E-ConvNet的单异常识别准确率为81.8%~84.9%，而LS则仅为9.6%~36.2%；多异常识别准确率为68.6%~84.4%，LS仅为2.8%~27.6%；E-ConvNet用时约为112~190ms，LS耗时为6000~7000ms.因此，在污染场地调查工作中，E-ConvNet能够准确高效地反演出污染区域的位置及范围，为开展后续评估/修复工作提供技术支持.