关于城市生活垃圾填埋场填埋气体的产气影响因素探讨

在总结城市生活垃圾产气的特点的基础上．通过对杭州市天子岭垃圾填埋场内不同条件下的多处生活垃圾堆体所产生的填埋气体进行测量,找寻填埋气体的产气影响因素,从而找到了合适的管理与应用方法。     

影响曝气生物滤池硝化性能的因素

对影响曝气生物滤池硝化性能的因素进行分析,并在对目前相关研究资料分析综合的基础上,提出了优化曝气生物滤池硝化性能的控制方法以及工艺参数的适宜范围：BAF的滤料粒径2—3mm为宜,BAF运行应尽可能地使用较大的滤速,适宜的气水比为3：1,温度为25—30℃,填料层的高度2m左右比较适宜,不需要太高。对于去碳和硝化作用在同一滤池内进行的BAF,进水有机负荷（BOD）应该低于3．0kg/（m^3·d）,而对于两段BAF,应控制去碳滤池出水的COD浓度小于60mg/L。     

含油污泥调质影响因素研究

针对某炼油污水处理厂产生的含油污泥,采用调质-机械分离方法进行处理。考察温度、pH值和搅拌时间对含油污泥调质效果的影响。结果表明,以PR—A复合药剂为调质剂,在温度为70℃-80℃,pH值为4．0—5．0,搅拌时间为30min条件下,经55kPa（绝压）抽滤后,含油污泥的处理效果最好,滤饼含水率可达到70．3％,进一步方便含油污泥的后续处理,有利于污泥的资源化利用和无害化处理。     

Factors affecting the sex ratio in the honeybee mite <Emphasis Type="Italic">Varroa jacobsoni</Emphasis>

Study of the seasonal variation of the sex ratio in the honeybee mite Varroa jacobsoni demonstrated that sex determination was affected by temperature, order of reproductive cycles, and population densities in the host’s brood cell and the honeybee nest. The mechanism of reproduction ensuring adaptation of the mite to parasitism and reproduction on honeybees are discussed.     

主成分分析法在水质评价中的应用及分析

针对主成分分析能够从众多因子中筛选出主要成分,对数据结构进行简化,为后续工作筛选主要因子提供依据等优点,分别介绍了主成分分析法的原理和步骤,并将其应用于水质评价中。以淮河安徽段干流的十一个断面为例,选取了八个因子进行分析研究。结果表明：对涉及因子较多,且因子间相关性相对较大的水质进行评价时主成分分析法是一种有效的方法。     

夜郎湖水库水体甲基汞的分布模式初步研究

本文通过对贵州夜郞湖水库水体的2006年7月、2007年1月及3月三次采样,研究了甲基汞的时空分布模式,并探讨影响其分布的不同控制因素。比较发现,夏季水体所有形态甲基汞(总甲基汞、溶解态甲基汞、颗粒态甲基汞)均显著高于其他两季(p<0.001),而冬春两季甲基汞浓度没有明显差异。空间分布表明,夏季总甲基汞平均浓度从水库上游至下游大坝处呈现稳步上升的分布趋势,大坝处总甲基汞是上游库体的1.72倍,是同期监测入库河流的2.58倍,这说明河流经水库蓄水后,甲基汞浓度在夜郞湖水库库体内升高和蓄集,并且下游水体具有更强的甲基汞蓄集能力。研究进一步发现,水质参数悬浮颗粒物(SPM)、水温(T)和硝酸盐(NO3-)与各形态甲基汞之间存在显著的正相关关系,表明这些参数对于各形态甲基汞的季节分布起着重要作用。在夏季丰水期,河流由于雨水带进大量的农田和土壤颗粒,而成为夜郞湖水体甲基汞的一个重要输入源,同时夏季相对活跃的农业耕作活动带来表层土壤的扰动增加,这可能是引起夜郞湖水体甲基汞水平升高的一个重要原因。     

Contributing institutional factors of rural environmental pollution in the process of modernization in China —In the perspective of the efficiency of environmental management system

With the development of rural pollution, its characteristic and institutional factor should be studied for pollution control through economics and sociology. Based on the data gathered from investigations by several government sectors, rural environmental pollution can be divided into two types by its sources: internal source type and external source type. The internal source type is the main component of rural pollution at present, which can be further divided into three types. Research shows that the contributing institutional factors of rural pollution issues and the effectiveness of environmental management system over rural pollution can be summarized as distinctiveness. In essence, the rural pollution issue results from the dualism of rural and urban areas’ inadaptability to rural modernization. In detail, the contributing factors can be summed up on three institutional levels. There are obvious loopholes in rural environmental management system which, in the meantime, is incapable and inadaptable to rural pollution control. There exist similar questions in the related public service system, which are intensified by inappropriate reform which brought about incompatible incentive in the recent years. However, in the eleventh five-year plan period, there are advantageous trends in the three institutional levels. Main data sources in this paper: ➀ the surveys on TVEs (township and village enterprises) conducted by Township Enterprise Bureau of Ministry of Agriculture of China in 1997 and 2002; ➁ the partial survey on rural environmental conditions by EPA (environmental protection administration) of Zhejiang Province in 2002; ➂ the survey on the pollution of IPLFs (livestock and poultry farms) in 23 provinces, municipalities, and directly administered cities by the State Environmental Protection Administration of China in 2002; ➃ the research report on Mechanism of Investment and Financing for Environmental Protection by China Council for International Environment and Development Cooperation in 2003; ➄ the third investigation on national hygiene service in 2003; ➅ the regular monitoring of safe quality of agricultural products by the Ministry of Agriculture of China in 2005; ➆ the investigation arranged by the Ministry of Health which finished in 2007 and showed the total situation of rural environmental health and drinking water security of the whole country.     

电缆燃烧产烟影响因素的试验研究

利用锥形量热仪和烟密度仪通过试验分别测量了ZR-VV 4×6、ZR-YJV 4×6、YJV 4×6三种型号的电缆在一定辐射强度下烟气的释放速率、质量损失速率以及有效燃烧热等火灾参数,分析、比较了它们之间的关系,并通过改变电缆的附着基材、燃烧时环境的氧浓度得到这些因素对电缆的产烟有不同程度的影响,该研究为实际工程中电缆的敷设以及电缆火灾的扑救提供了依据.     

废弃重组质粒DNA热处理效率的环境影响因素

为了解环境因素对质粒DNA热处理效率的影响以及热处理过程的有效性和安全性,以pET-28b质粒为材料,采用定量PCR技术结合质粒转化等方法分析了pH、NaCl、牛血清白蛋白(BSA)及EDTA浓度等因素对质粒DNA热处理的影响.结果表明,NaCl、BSA及EDTA的存在对热处理过程中的质粒DNA具有保护作用,且保护作用依次增强.在纯水中热处理30min后的质粒DNA可扩增的片段数仅是在0.1%的EDTA中热处理30min后质粒DNA可扩增片段数目的1.7%.由于生物实验室废水中通常含有上述有机或无机物质,因此,实际热处理过程中质粒DNA的降解半衰期可能远长于先前报道的2.7～4min,残留的转化活性也可能更高,这必须引起我们高度关注.但是,研究结果也表明,酸性条件下的热处理能加速质粒DNA的失活和降解,因此建议热处理过程可在弱酸性条件下完成,以强化其处理效果.     

污泥处理过程中厌氧再释磷的影响因素研究

对序批式活性污泥反应器(SBR)试验装置和T型氧化沟污水处理厂的释磷总量进行了研究.同时,利用实验室和污水厂SBR装置考察了富磷污泥中的硝酸盐浓度、碳源种类、初沉池污泥投配比等因素对富磷污泥厌氧再释磷的影响.结果表明:每日通过泥线释磷返回水线的磷约占日处理磷量的10%～16%;不同有机基质诱导的污泥释磷速率不同,乙酸钠等低级脂肪酸能快速诱导污泥再释磷;硝酸盐的存在对污泥再释磷有明显的抑制作用,4h后当NO3--N浓度降低到0.2mg·L-1以下时磷将快速释放;初沉污泥的投加会使释磷时间提前4h,随着初沉污泥投配比的提高,释磷速率会相应提高,但释放总量不变.试验结果可以为SBR污水厂污泥处置过程中控制富磷污泥磷的再释放提供参考.