矸石山自燃阻化剂的阻化机理研究

为了防治矸石山的自燃和改善矿区环境质量,揭示和研究矸石山煤矸石自燃阻化剂的阻化作用机理,寻求高效的煤矸石山自燃阻化剂,通过在煤矸石中添加各类自燃阻化剂,在柱箱中进行空气氧化程序升温实验,并利用气相色谱仪对不同氧化温度下分离出的气体中O2,CO,CO2以及各种烃类组分的含量进行分析,研究其自燃发生、发展的规律,从而为研究矸石山煤矸石的自燃阻化提供理论依据。实验研究表明,带有吸附基团的高聚物和表面活性剂组成的聚合物乳液对煤矸石自燃具有较好的阻化作用。该研究成果对矸石山煤矸石自燃治理具有一定的指导意义。     

振动试验功率谱密度曲线低频上翘的分析

分析了振动试验中功率谱密度曲线出现低频上翘现象的原因,并用Matlab仿真方法进行分析验证,证实了信号中极低频成分或高量级低频脉冲信号成分与分析方法的联合作用是导致出现低频上翘现象的原因。提出了振动试验中低频上翘情况的处理方法和应对措施。     

Response of successive three generations of cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), fed on cotton bolls under elevated CO2

The growth, development and consumption of successive three generations of cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera （Htibner）, fed on cotton bolls grown under elevated CO2 （double-ambient vs. ambient） in open-top chambers were examined. Significant decreases in protein, total amino acid, water and nitrogen content and increases in free fatty acid were observed in cotton bolls. Changes in quality of cotton bolls affected the growth, development and food utilization of H. armigera. Significantly longer larval development duration in three successive generations and lower pupal weight of the second and third generations were observed in cotton bollworm fed on cotton bolls grown under elevated CO2. Significantly lower fecundity was also found in successive three generations of H. armigera fed on cotton bolls grown under elevated CO2. The consumption per larva occurred significant increase in successive three generations and frass per larva were also significantly increased during the second and third generations under elevated CO2. Significantly lower relative growth rate, efficiency of conversion of ingested food and significant higher relative consumption rate in successive three generations were observed in cotton bollworm fed on cotton bolls grown under elevated CO2. Significantly lower potential female fecundity, larval numbers and population consumption were found in the second and third generations of cotton bollworm fed on cotton bolls grown under elevated CO2. The integrative effect of higher larval mortality rate and lower adult fecundity resulted in significant decreases in potential population consumption in the latter two generations. The results show that elevated CO2 adversely affects cotton bolls quality, which indicates the potential population dynamics and potential population consumption of cotton bollworm will alleviate the harm to the plants in the future rising CO2 atmosphere.     

采用大流量泡沫炮扑救大型储罐全面积火灾的探讨

简要分析了大型储罐全面积火灾着火面积大、热辐射强、易复燃、破坏力强等特点,指出了这类火灾的主要扑救难点是远距离作战、消防物资消耗大、战术要求高等。从泡沫液最低流量、泡沫液喷射方式和泡沫液选型3方面提出了用于扑救大型储罐全面积火灾的大流量泡沫炮的要求,指出泡沫炮的最小流量应不低于20000L/min,利用蛋白泡沫液采用集中喷射方式进行灭火。     

Stochastic Pollution, Permits, and Merger Incentives

Pollution permit regulations introduce nonlinearities into the objective function of a polluting firm. We develop a microeconomic model to show the effects these nonlinearities might have upon firm decisions when emissions are stochastic. Under perfect competition the fraction of planned pollution covered by permits is shown to be separable from planned production. We also demonstrate that permit management incentives may motivate a merger of otherwise independent firms. Incentives to petition for “bubble” coverage are also considered. The model is studied under risk neutrality and risk aversion. Imperfectly competitive situations in the output and permit markets are also analyzed.     

大气排污交易政策在我国的试点

在分析国内外近年来环境管理思想及策略发展的基础上,以实例说明了大气排污交易政策在我国实施的重要意义及强大的生命力。大气排污交易由泡泡政策、补偿政策、净得政策、排污量存储政策组成。现阶段我国实施大气排污交易政策主要在同一厂区＂以新带老＂、排污补偿及可用购买盈余排污量来达到排放标准三方面进行。文章还论述了排污交易量、排污交易费用确定的原则及管理办法。     

Bubble performance of a novel dissolved air flotation(DAF) unit

ES-DAF, a novel DAF with low cost, high reliability and easy controllability, was studied. Without a costly air saturator, ESDAF consists of an ejector and a static mixer between the pressure side and suction side of the recycle rotary pump. The bubble size distribution in this novel unit was studied in detail by using a newly developed CCD imagination through a microscope. Compared with MDAF under the same saturation pressure, ES-DAF can produce smaller bubble size and higher bubble volume concentration, especially in lower pressure. In addition, the bubble size decreases with the increase of reflux ratio or decrease of superficial air-water ratio. These results suggested that smaller bubbles will be formed when the initial number of nucleation sites increases by enhancing the turbulence intensity in the saturation system.     

化学絮凝-气浮工艺在处理高浓度CTMP制浆造纸废水中的应用

叙述了化学絮凝--气浮处理高浓度CTMP制浆造纸废水工艺及其二段废水排放.实际运行表明,该工艺处理效率高,出水水质稳定,二段废水进入龙岩市污水处理厂与城市生活污水混合,集中处理后达标排放,取得了较好的社会效益和经济效益.     

微纳米气泡耦合FexS催化氧化去除烟气中NO

采用固体废物锍铁化合物（记为Fe_xS）作为催化剂,耦合微纳米气泡催化氧化去除烟气中NO,考察了不同工艺条件下的去除效果,运用XRD、SEM和EDS技术对反应前后的Fe_xS进行了表征,探究了反应机理。实验结果表明,在Fe_xS粒径为0.038~0.053 mm、Fe_xS投加量为5 g、NaCl质量浓度为0.3 g/L、溶液pH为5、进气NO质量浓度为6.7 mg/L的最佳工艺条件下,NO去除率高达95.3%。表征结果显示,反应后的Fe_xS较反应前没有明显的物相变化,Fe_xS表面的微量物质催化了NO的氧化去除。     

磁场强化臭氧液相传质

对不同种气液接触方式的臭氧气液传质性能进行了研究,考察了磁场作用下的臭氧进气量,液面高度以及液相p H值对微气泡臭氧传质效果的影响规律。实验研究表明,相同实验条件下,采用微气泡附加磁场(磁铁相吸)比底部曝气盘和微气泡发生器接触方式,液相中溶解的臭氧浓度分别提高了72.6%和11.4%,经过30 min后,水中溶解的臭氧浓度为8.91 mg/L,传质系数为0.2272 min-1,传质系数显著提高;在磁场的作用下的微气泡臭氧接触方式,臭氧气体流量较小的情况下,臭氧在液相溶解效率较高,液面高度h越高溶解的臭氧浓度越低,传质系数kLa值随着气液流量的增加而增加,但是随着液面高度h的增加而降低,液相的p H值也影响着传质效果,p H越低,水中溶解的臭氧浓度越高,传质系数越高。