Hybridization between wheat (Triticum aestivum) and the wild species Aegilops geniculata and A. biuncialis under experimental field conditions

Hybridization between Aegilops geniculata, A. biuncialis and bread wheat Triticum aestivum has been evaluated during two seasons under simulated field conditions to estimate the field hybridization rate under Central Spain conditions. The mean frequencies of hybridization between A. biuncialis and A. geniculata with wheat were 0.34% and 0.31%, respectively. Data from 10 hybrid plants for each combination showed that hybrids can be partially fertile by backcrossing with wheat parent, with percent averages of 3.17 grains/spikelets for A. biuncialis × wheat hybrids and 2.87 grains/spikelets for A. geniculata × wheat hybrids. Self-pollination, although at very low rates, was also possible in hybrids. The potential risks associated with natural hybridization in the context of transgenic wheat cultivation are discussed.     

生命周期评价在水泥企业清洁生产审核中的应用

利用生命周期评价工具对企业的生产过程进行全面分析与评价，做好企业清洁生产的审核工作具有重要理论研究价值和现实应用意义。运用生命周期评价方法对重庆小南海水泥厂普通硅酸盐水泥生产过程进行了初步评价，认识了普通硅酸盐水泥生产过程的环境协调性，为普通硅酸盐水泥进一步提高环境性能提供了理论依据。     

密切值法与污染损失率法在大气环境质量评价中的综合应用

阐述了密切值法和污染损失率法的基本原理和分析评价步骤。通过实例分析，得出这两种方法的结论具有一致性；利用密切值法对各个决策目标进行质量排序，再利用污染损失率法计标出各污染物对环境的损害程度，并对决策目标进行等级划分。两种方法结合起来应用，能全面地进行环境评价。     

Framing the Long-Term <Emphasis Type="Italic">In Situ</Emphasis> Liability Issue for Geologic Carbon Storage in the United States

This paper examines how legal standards of liability may apply to geologic carbon storage. The liability regime governing geologic carbon storage will shape the technology's cost-effectiveness and overall attractiveness. We classify potential sources of liability into operational, in situ, and climate liability. As a first step, we explore in situ liability in the United States. After summarizing legal standards of liability including negligence, breach of implied warranty, strict liability, and product liability, we discuss how liability may be addressed at the level of the federal government, state government, industry, and the firm. Finally, we address the implications of judicial treatment of liability for carbon storage, including the apportionment of liability and the adequacy of current regulations.     

Toxic metals in sewage sludge-amended soils: has promotion of beneficial use discounted the risks?

Land application of contaminated waste products has been defended as beneficial use by some scientists and regulators, based on the premise that the behavior of any toxins accumulated in soils from this practice is reasonably well understood and will not have detrimental agronomic or environmental impacts into the foreseeable future. In this review, I use the case of toxic metals in sewage sludges applied to agricultural land to illustrate that metal behavior in soils and plant uptake is difficult to generalize because it is strongly dependent on the nature of the metal, sludge, soil properties and crop. Nevertheless, permitted agricultural loadings of toxic metals from sewage sludges are typically regulated using the sole criterion of total metal loading or concentrations in soils. Several critical generalizing assumptions about the behavior of sludge-borne metals in soil-crop systems, built into the US EPA risk assessment for metals, have tended to underestimate risks and are shown not to be well justified by published research. It is argued that, in the absence of a basic understanding of metal behavior in each specific situation, a more precautionary approach to toxic metal additions to soils is warranted.     

自适应神经模糊推理在大气环境质量评价中的应用

利用matlab模糊工具箱中自适应神经模糊推理系统(Anfis)方法,对大气环境质量评价作一个尝试性的工作。利用Anfis法对大气环境质量现状的评价,并与灰色聚类法作比较,得出Anfis法用于评价环境质量是可行的,且具有许多优点。     

密切值法与污染损失率法在大气环境质量评价中的综合应用

阐述了密切值法和污染损失率法的基本原理和分析评价步骤。通过实例分析,得出这两种方法的结论具有一致性;利用密切值法对各个决策目标进行质量排序,再利用污染损失率法计标出各污染物对环境的损害程度,并对决策目标进行等级划分。两种方法结合起来应用,能全面地进行环境评价。     

生产型组织初始环境评审中环境因素的识别评价

环境因素的识别与评价是环境管理体系建立和实施的关键，生产型企业在初始环境评审时可以工程分析为重点，结合对正常和异常情况的分析，对生产过程和各部门涉及的环境影响进行全面分析，从而确定环境因素。在评价重要环境因素时，可先根据企业对外环境排放的接口情况、环境影响情况，结合商业方面的考虑制定重要环境因素评价准则，再利用评价准则评价出重要环境因素。     

Climate Change and Energy Technologies

The long time scale of the climate change problem and the inherent nature of the carbon cycle bring important implications for present technology development efforts. Even if major technology improvements are achieved for non-carbon-emitting technologies such as energy-intensity improvements, wind, solar, biomass, and nuclear over the course of the 21^st century, most examinations of potential future greenhouse emissions conclude that additional technology development will be required to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations. The evelopment of an expanded suite of technologies including carbon capture and disposal, hydrogen systems and biotechnology hold the potential to dramatically reduce the cost of stabilizing greenhouse gas concentrations. This paper examines these technologies in the context of a global integrated assessment model of energy, agriculture, land-use, economics, and carbon cycle processes.     

城市环境系统的权重分配

本文将多目标二级决策法用于城市环境系统的权重分配，对城中环境系统各要素及各要素的表征参数进行客观自动赋权，克服了环境质量评价中权重分配的主观随意性。该方法物理意义清晰，算法简便，具有较好的应用价值。