基于环境一号卫星CCD数据的巢湖叶绿素a的动态监测

环境一号卫星CCD数据具有获取周期短、空间分辨率高等特点,能够及时准确地监测叶绿素a的浓度变化和分布,其在内陆湖泊水质遥感监测方面具有良好的应用前景。文章通过星地同步地面实验,建立起巢湖水体的叶绿素a浓度遥感反演模型,利用2009年4月至2010年3月的环境一号卫星CCD数据,分季节对巢湖叶绿素a行动态监测和分析。结果表明,巢湖叶绿素a具有明显的时空分布特征,夏季叶绿素a浓度最高,冬季最低,秋季高于春季;西半湖湖区叶绿素a浓度一般高于东半湖湖区,西北部和中部湖区空间变化比较大,东部湖区变化较小。     

环境卫星CCD影像在太湖湖泛暗色水团监测中的应用

太湖地区2009年5月11日、2010年8月21日、2011年7月28日和2011年9月24日的环境卫星CCD影像显示,在太湖西部沿岸带、竺山湖等水域存在湖泛暗色水团现象。由于环境CCD缺少辅助反演气溶胶信息的2.1um波段,试验了基于空气自动监测子站获得的与环境卫星CCD成像时间接近的地面能见度测量数据进行FLAASH大气校正的方法,反演结果总体上符合水体光谱特征。提取了湖泛水体、对照水体阳区在CCD各波段的光谱反射率数据统计特征。结果表明,和对照水体相比,湖泛水体在环境卫星CCD的可见光—近红外波段具有较低的反射率,与人眼观察湖泛水色暗黑的感官一致,另一方面,湖泛水域由于仍有一定的藻类存在,在环境卫星CCD近红外（波段4 ）具有比可见光（波段3）略高的反射率,其规律与基于Landsat ETM的湖泛暗色水团遥感分析结果相一致。     

基于卫星数据的灰霾污染遥感监测方法及系统设计

以中分辨率成像光谱仪为例,建立了卫星遥感参数和空气污染指标之间的联系,提出了基于卫星遥感的气溶胶光学厚度数据获得灰霾指数和灰霾污染时空气质量指数(AQI)等级的方法和相关的监测系统设计。结合在华北地区的监测结果,可以看出卫星遥感可以较好地反映灰霾污染程度的变化,有助于发现可能的传输通道,获得宏观的灰霾空间分布状况。在研究时段内,与地面空气质量监测站相比,88%的卫星遥感监测结果误差不大于1个AQI等级,平均的AQI等级偏差为0.7级,并分析了卫星遥感与地面监测之间差异的原因。     

Water quality assessment at Ömerli Dam using remote sensing techniques

Water quality at Omerli Dam, which is a vital potable water resource of Istanbul City, Turkey was assessed using the first four bands of Landsat 7-ETM satellite data, acquired in May 2001 and water quality parameters, such as chlorophyll-a, suspended solid matter, secchi disk and total phosphate measured at several measurement stations at Omerli Dam during satellite image acquisition time and archived at the Marine Pollution and Ecotoxicology laboratory of the Marmara Research Center, where this study was carried out. Establishing a relationship between this data, and the pixel reflectance values in the satellite image, chlorophyll-a, suspended solid matter, secchi disk and total phosphate maps were produced for the Omerli Dam.     

Satellite-Derived Mean Fire Return Intervals As Indicators Of Change In Siberia (1995–2002)

Under current climate change scenarios, temperatures in Siberia are expected to increase, and consequently, fire is also expected to increase. Potential climate-induced change is difficult to assess in Siberia because ground-based fire data are not complete. This investigation introduces a method by which potential climate-induced change can be remotely evaluated. Mean fire return intervals are established for 58 ecosystems across Siberia using eight years of satellite-based area burned data (1995 to 2002). Mean fire return intervals should decrease under current climate change scenarios, however the results do not currently demonstrate consistent evidence of fire-induced change. The overall boreal forest mean fire return interval is lower than the published mean, inferring increased fire. Most notably, using satellite data to calculate mean fire return intervals in individual ecosystems for the entire population of fire is shown to be a viable method by which potential climate-induced land cover change can be evaluated.     

中巴地球资源卫星及其在内蒙古的应用前景

本文介绍了我国地球资源卫星发展状况以及中巴地球资源卫星的技术特性和同类卫星比较的优缺点，阐述了内蒙古应用中巴地球资源卫星数据的潜在领域和应用前景。     

美国气象卫星监测海洋溢油

ＮＯＡＡ卫星主要任务是探测全球大气，通过波段筛选和各种处理，可以监测海洋原油，重柴油，润滑油溢油污染。用该卫星不仅能发现油污，确定油污位置，计算油污面积、漂移扩散方向和速度，而且可以通过连续监测寻找污染源。通过交通部已建成的全国各海监局通信网络，可以建立全国各海域油污染监测网。为改善海洋环境，加大海洋污染执法力度服务。     

油膜波谱特征分析与遥感监测溢油

分析了海洋溢油波谱特征的测试结果，提出遥感监 煤油、轻柴油、润滑油、重柴油和原油等最佳波段。并利用ＮＯＡＡ－ＡＶＨＲＲ和ＴＭ资料，对几次海上溢油事故的油膜图象进行处理和解译，得到了较为清晰的溢油图象，并与事故现场调查结果吻合。     

Satellite Observations of Lava Lake Activity at Nyiragongo Volvano, Ex-Zaire, during the Rwandan Refugee Crisis

In June 1994 the summit crater of Nyiragongo volcano, located in the Great Lakes region of central Africa, began to fill with new lava, ending nearly 12 years of quiescence. An earlier eruption of the volcano in 1977 had culminated in the catastrophic draining of a lava lake through fissures in the crater wall, feeding highly mobile lava flows which reached the outskirts of Goma and killed more than 70 people. By July 1994, as many as 20,000 Hutu refugees were arriving in Goma every hour, only 18km south from the summit of Nyiragongo. The exodus brought more than one million people to the camps near the town raising fears of a repeat of the 1977 eruption. This paper examines the role that satellite remote sensing could have played in surveillance of the volcano during this time, and demonstrates the potential for monitoring this and other volcanoes in the future. Images recorded by the spaceborne Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) – freely available over the Internet – provide semi-quantitative information on the activity of the volcano. The aim of this paper is to promote the wider use of readily available technologies.     

Water Resources Modeling of the Ganges‐Brahmaputra‐Meghna River Basins Using Satellite Remote Sensing Data1

Nishat, Bushra and S.M. Mahbubur Rahman, 2009. Water Resources Modeling of the Ganges‐Brahmaputra‐Meghna River Basins Using Satellite Remote Sensing Data. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 45(6):1313‐1327. Abstract: Large‐scale water resources modeling can provide useful insights on future water availability scenarios for downstream nations in anticipation of proposed upstream water resources projects in large international river basins (IRBs). However, model set up can be challenging due to the large amounts of data requirement on both static states (soils, vegetation, topography, drainage network, etc.) and dynamic variables (rainfall, streamflow, soil moisture, evapotranspiration, etc.) over the basin from multiple nations and data collection agencies. Under such circumstances, satellite remote sensing provides a more pragmatic and convenient alternative because of the vantage of space and easy availability from a single data platform. In this paper, we demonstrate a modeling effort to set up a water resources management model, MIKE BASIN, over the Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Meghna (GBM) river basins. The model is set up with the objective of providing Bangladesh, the lowermost riparian nation in the GBM basins, a framework for assessing proposed water diversion scenarios in the upstream transboundary regions of India and deriving quantitative impacts on water availability. Using an array of satellite remote sensing data on topography, vegetation, and rainfall from the transboundary regions, we demonstrate that it is possible to calibrate MIKE BASIN to a satisfactory level and predict streamflow in the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers at the entry points of Bangladesh at relevant scales of water resources management. Simulated runoff for the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers follow the trends in the rated discharge for the calibration period. However, monthly flow volume differs from the actual rated flow by (?) 8% to (+) 20% in the Ganges basin, by (?) 15 to (+) 12% in the Brahmaputra basin, and by (?) 15 to (+) 19% in the Meghna basin. Our large‐scale modeling initiative is generic enough for other downstream nations in IRBs to adopt for their own modeling needs.