电导率法测定平流沉淀池停留时间的研究

对电导率法测定平流沉淀池的停留时间进行研究并进行了实际应用,与传统的Cl-浓度测定法相比,电导率法简便易行,准确度也较高。     

Two-Phase Transport Model for the Pyrolysis Process of a Vertical Wood Cylinder,Including the Surrounding Flow Field

This paper describes a mathematical model for the pyrolysis of a small dry pine wood cylinder. The computational domain is axisymmetric and involves the heating chamber, with the wood cylinder vertically situated in the centre of the chamber. The model simulates the laminar flow around the particle and the laminar flow inside the wood/char matrix by applying a two-phase transport model where the solid wood/char matrix acts as one phase and the various gases produced from the pyrolysis process is assembled in the other phase.

Convective, conductive and thermal radiation transfer modes are included in the model. A two-step pyrolysis reaction scheme is used for the modelling of the conversion from wood to tar and gas. Both the thermal conductivity and the permeability of the wood/char matrix are modelled anisotropically in order to capture the directional differences in heat and mass transport, existing in real wood.

Results from simulations are compared with measurements from literature for the centre core solid temperature and the conversion from wood to char, tar and pyrolysis gas in the particle during heating. The results show very good agreement with the measured temperature profile. The simulated conversion profile shows an overall good agreement with the measurements, however with discrepancies in the early stage of the process. Besides the successful validation with the experimental data, it provides us with all the details of the distribution of the migrating pyrolysis gas and tar, the temperature, the velocity flow field and pressure in the wood/char cylinder.     

UASB反应器中厌氧氨氧化菌脱氮效果及运行条件

通过UASB反应器中接种厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥,处理模拟实验废水,检测其厌氧脱氮效果,并探寻其最佳运行条件。研究表明,UASB反应器中厌氧氨氧化菌具有高效的脱氮效果。厌氧氨氧化菌对NH~+_4-N和NO~-_2-N的适宜浓度负荷均为220 mg/L,水力停留时间适宜为4 h,最适温度为35℃,最佳p H值为8.0,在此条件下,NH~+_4-N,NO~-_2-N和TN的去除率分别可达97%,98.5%及88%。     

静电除尘器极板涂敷导电防腐涂料对静电除尘性能影响的研究

为了改善静电除尘器极板防腐性能、增加极板的抗污性能和提高极板清灰效果,用导电防腐涂料涂敷电除尘器极板.提出了涂层比电阻特性数学模型并用实验加以验证.推导了极板沉积粉尘层积累电荷量公式,表明电荷量多少与粉尘层放电时间常数成正比.理论研究结果表明,涂加涂层后,极板上低比电阻粉尘层放电时间常数增大,粉尘层积累电荷量增多,粉尘层与极板问静电附着力增大,有效减弱了粉尘的二次飞扬现象;通过降低涂层的比电阻和涂层厚度,使中高比电阻粉尘层的积累电荷量增加不大.实验测试了涂层对不同比电阻粉尘收尘效率的影响及涂层对极板粉尘剥离率的改善.实验结果显示,涂加涂层后,低比电阻粉尘的收集效率有显著提高,中高比电阻粉尘的收集效率变化不大;极板粉尘剥离率较不加涂层时有很大提高.极板涂敷技术有效延长了极板的使用寿命,在保证除尘效率的前提下提高了极板的清灰效果,是电除尘领域中的一项创新.     

卡鲁塞尔氧化沟液-固两相流动混合物模型与两相水力特性模拟

采用CFD数值计算的方法研究了卡鲁塞尔氧化沟工艺的污水-污泥两相水力特性.将污泥沉降模型进行湍流影响修正后与两相湍流混合物模型耦合,建立了氧化沟液固两相湍流混合物模型,实现了垂向上液固两相运动的分离;利用计算流体软件Fluent对工业规模污水厂氯化沟的污水-污泥两相流速进行模拟,结果表明,两相流混合物模型较好地揭示了氧化沟内混合液流场和污泥的分布情况,污泥浓度与流速呈负相关.     

Effects of operational factors on soluble microbial products in a carrier anaerobic ba ed reactor treating dilute wastewater

The effects of feed strength, hydraulic residence time （HRT）, and operational temperatures on soluble microbial product （SMP） production were investigated, to gain insights into the production mechanism. A carrier anaerobic baffled reactor （CABR） treating dilute wastewater was operated under a wide range of operational conditions, namely, feed strengths of 300-600 mg/L, HRTs of 9- 18 h, and temperatures of 10-28℃. Generally, SMP production increased with increasing feed strength and decreasing temperature. At high temperature （28℃）, SMP production increased with decreasing HRT. As the temperature was decreased to 18 and 10℃, the SMP production was at its peak for 12 h HRT. Therefore, temperature could be an important determinant of SMP production along with HRT. A higher SMP to soluble chemical oxygen demand （SCOD） ratio was found at high temperature and long HRT because of complete volatile fatty acid degradation. SMP accounted for 50%-75% of the SCOD in the last chamber of the CABR. As a secondary metabolite, some SMP could be consumed at lower feed strength.     

工业锅炉的合理排污与节能

排污是锅炉水质管理的一个重要环节,文章分析了锅炉排污的必要性,阐述了锅炉排污的原则,建议以电导率为标准计算排污率,准确性好、操作简单、反映炉水化学工况灵敏。分析了锅炉节能与合理排污的密切关系,介绍了对锅炉排污水及余热再利用的研究,建议将锅炉排污水用于冬季采暖用水和非采暖期余热回收利用,达到节水、节能目的,并利用锅炉排污水对锅炉尾部烟道进行喷淋,以脱除烟气中的大部分SO2和NO2等。以达到重视排污、安全运行、减少消耗、节约能源的目的。     

ABSBR反应器水力混合特性的研究

文章根据因次分析方法推导出ABSBR反应器水力混合特性的无因次准则,并对反应器水力混合特性进行了实验研究。     

八种不同工艺组合人工湿地系统除磷效果研究

传统的人工湿地系统除磷效能的提高方式主要集中在基质填料的选择、湿地植物的筛选等方面,本试验从调整湿地的组合工艺着手探索提高磷去除效率的优化组合,在为期两年的研究中考察了推流床-下行流-上行流、下行流-上行流-推流床、好氧塘-下行流、下行流-兼性塘、推流床-下行流、下行流-上行流、推流床等8种不同工艺组合人工湿地系统对富营养化湖泊水体中磷的去除规律,比较了这些湿地组合所构建的生物学效应。试验结果显示,如果采用塘系统作组合单元在湿地系统中前置比较理想,而在不同的季节,不同水力负荷下的冲击试验结果表明,复合垂直流湿地系统可以常年保持稳定的、较高的磷去除能力,而且对水力变化具有更好的耐受性能。复合垂直流湿地作为一种新型的人工湿地系统工艺组合具有较好的理论价值和应用前景.     

顶板水力挠动强制卸压煤层瓦斯抽采工程实践*

对塑性松软煤体进行水力挠动较难取得理想的瓦斯增浓提效效果,为克服该措施的局限性,使松软煤层有效卸压增透,可将挠动对象转移至煤层顶板砂岩。基于对顶板砂岩水力挠动裂隙发育、延展及煤层卸压增透机理分析,在试验矿井的松软煤层及顶板砂岩中分别施工钻孔进行水力挠动试验,同时采用多级指标对措施后的瓦斯抽采效果进行考察。结果表明:水力挠动作用下砂岩体内部形成有利于下部煤层瓦斯流动的裂隙网络,抽采流量、浓度及累计抽采纯量大幅提高;但由于高压水作用下松软煤体内部发生塑性变形、裂隙堵塞、瓦斯流动性弱化,导致抽采流量、浓度及累计抽采纯量不升反降。研究结果可为松软煤层实施水力挠动提供参考,以期实现较理想的瓦斯治理效果。