基于车辆事故等级分类的紧急呼救系统研究

基于交通事故紧急救援的现状,阐述建立车辆事故紧急呼救系统的新需求,提出了开发基于车辆事故严重等级分类的紧急呼救系统需要实现的功能;应用车辆碰撞安全性理论和研究成果、导航定位技术及通信技术,设计了基于事故严重等级分类的车辆事故紧急呼救决策流程;探讨车辆事故自动检测和等级分类及紧急救援的实施方案,以实现车辆事故紧急自动呼救,使车辆和伤员得到及时高效的紧急救助。     

What motivates farmers to participate in the Nova Scotia environmental farm plan program? Evidence and environmental policy implications

Program stakeholders are interested in better understanding farmers' experience, and factors that affect farmer participation in the relatively new Environmental Farm Plan (EFP) program, implemented in several provinces in Canada. To increase relevance of the research findings to EFP program administrators and policy makers, the research methods emphasised determining whether relationships exist among program-related variables, and how such relationships affect farmers' decision choices and behaviour. Traditional farmer and farm attributes that have contrasting effects in agricultural innovation adoption and conservation management (namely age, and formal education completed), were not associated with EFP program participation. Farm income, years of farming experience, and type of agribusiness managed were associated with participation in the Nova Scotia EFP program. Although program participants tended to have higher incomes, overall, non-financial considerations dominated monetary considerations in Nova Scotia farmers' reasons for participating in the Nova Scotia EFP. Helping to publicize positive farm stewardship practices was reported as the most important reason for participating in the EFP scheme, followed by its use to help improve relationships with non-farming neighbours, and to comply with government environmental regulations. In contrast, and somewhat a surprising finding, minimizing potential farm environmental risk, program administrators' raison d'être for promoting the NS EFP, was ranked the lowest, with no respondent rating that as a "very important" or "extremely important" reason for participating in the EFP program.     

基于熵权的TOPSIS法在清洁生产和高费方案研选中的应用

针对现有清洁生产审核方法在中／高费方案研选上存在人为主观性较大和无法对各方案作出综合、定量评价的不足,通过构建清洁生产方案评价指标体系,用客观赋权的熵权法确定指标的权重,结合TOPSIS法建立了基于熵权TOPSIS法的清洁生产方案评价模型,并以某化纤企业清洁生产方案的研制为例,进行了实例分析。结果表明,基于熵权TOPSIS法的清洁生产方案评价模型,不仅克服了现有清洁生产方案研制中人为主观因素的干扰,同时能够对各方案的优劣给出综合、定量的评价,为清洁生产方案的研选提供了一种更为合理的方法。     

Analysis of Sydney’s recycled water schemes

Recycled water provides a viable opportunity to partially supplement fresh water supplies as well as substantially alleviate environmental loads. Currently, thousands of recycled water schemes have been successfully conducted in a number of countries and Sydney is one of the leading cities, which has made massive effort to apply water reclamation, recycling and reuse. This study aims to make a comprehensive analysis of recycled water schemes in Sydney for a wide range of end uses such as landscape irrigation, industrial process uses and residential uses (e.g., golf course irrigation, industrial cooling water reuse, toilet flushing and clothes washing etc.). For each representative recycled water scheme, this study investigates the involved wastewater treatment technologies, the effluent quality compared with specified guideline values and public attitudes toward different end uses. Based on these obtained data, multi criteria analysis (MCA) in terms of risk, cost-benefit, environmental and social aspects can be performed. Consequently, from the analytical results, the good prospects of further expansion and exploration of current and new end uses were identified toward the integrated water planning and management. The analyses could also help decision makers in making a sound judgment for future recycled water projects.     

Holistic correlation of world’s largest social safety net and its outcomes with Sustainable Development Goals

The five largest social safety net (SSN) programmes in the world are being implemented in India, China and Brazil. Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) is one of these programmes and regarded as the world’s largest SSN. MGNREGA aims at enhancing livelihood security of households in rural India by providing guaranteed wage employment. The scheme has resulted in the creation of sustainable assets that promote the economic and infrastructure development. More than 33 million assets were built in the process of MGNREGA. These assets were spread out in 262,380 smallest units of administration covering 6887 sub-districts with the participation of more than 250 million human manpower. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) aims to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity. The 17 goals tackle the root cause of poverty and attempts to make a positive change for both people and planet. Ecological regeneration or rejuvenation during the development of the assets generated numerous tangible and intangible benefits to the community in a sustainable way. MGNREGA, a federal government-sponsored scheme, using a decentralized approach is directly or indirectly helping to achieve all the 17 goals of sustainable development in India. This article takes a holistic approach to correlate and map the concepts and outcomes of MGNREGA programme with SDG. This article emphasises the fact that community-based participation in the planning and development activities at the regional levels will yield benefits to the biosphere, society and economy at the national level.     

板梁桥“单板受力”的数值分析

目前 ,在小跨径的公路桥涵中普遍出现了“单板受力”问题 ,给行车安全带来了隐患。针对这一现象 ,笔者主要借助有限元软件ANSYS对板梁桥的“单板受力”现象进行了数值模拟。首先 ,采用梁单元建立板梁桥的仿真模型 ,分析了不同跨径板梁的荷载横向分布规律 ;然后 ,根据板梁桥的受力特性和造成“单板受力”的原因 ,提出了缓解和避免“单板受力”的 5种加固方案 ,并采用实体单元建立板梁桥的空间模型 ,比较并分析了各加固方案位移、应力等力学性能 ;随后 ,详细分析了铰缝处混凝土的横向应力分布规律 ,并建议应采用新老混凝土之间的粘结强度作为标准校核铰缝的横向应力 ;最终 ,根据各加固方案的优缺点 ,提出了解决“单板受力”问题的可行方案。     

政府与排污企业间的动态激励监控关系研究

科学的监督和有效的管理是实现环境可持续发展的必由之路,政府与排污企业的博弈是一个值得关注的重要问题。基于声誉理论,论文建立了政府与排污企业问的静态与动态激励监控模型,结论认为在动态激励监督下政府的总效用实现了帕累托改善,研究表明考虑以往业绩的两阶段最优契约对排污企业具有明显的声誉激励效应,同时表明监控机制和激励契约具有互补性,最后对机制设计中的控制参数的灵敏度以及模型的鲁棒性进行了探讨,可为政府制定合理的激励监督措施提供理论参考依据。     

二级动态模糊评价用以垃圾处置模式评判的探讨

模糊综合评价是城市生活垃圾处置模式的评价方法之一。文章就模糊综合评价体系中评价指标体系的建立、隶属度函数选择、因子权重分配方法以及二级评判方法等几个关键环节和步骤作了初步探讨,以期所建立的评价体系更科学、更客观。     

Heterogeneity of farmers' preferences towards agri-environmental schemes across different agricultural subsystems

Specialised literature on the uptake of agri-environmental schemes (AES) has paid little attention to how this can be influenced by the different types of agricultural systems. This paper analyses the heterogeneity of farmers' preferences towards these schemes, distinguishing between different subsystems within the same agricultural system. We use the choice experiment method to analyse the case study of three olive grove subsystems in southern Spain, with the subsystems ranging from extensive to intensive. The results reveal inter- and intra-subsystem heterogeneity of farmers' preferences towards AES, both in general and specifically related to scheme attributes. A variety of factors appear to lie behind inter-subsystem heterogeneity, especially those associated with subsystem specificities (principally, the type of joint production). Likewise, numerous factors play a role in intra-subsystem heterogeneity, most of them related to farm/farmer socio-economic and physical characteristics. These findings will help in the design of more efficient AES.