弹用聚酰胺材料老化试验研究

以聚酰胺材料老化试验为例,讨论了储存寿命预测的分析技术、试验设计技术;提出了影响试验准确性的因素和解决问题的方法,因素包括试验样品选择、考核性能选择、试验方法选择、产品环境剖面分析、热老化温度确定等。     

污水海洋（江河）处置工程喷口的冲淤规律

结合上海市合流污水治理二期工程排放管稀释扩散规律及泥沙冲淤规律的研究，利用少运动相似理论，通过模型试验，从环境泥沙积在上管喷口上的最不利条件出发，分析喷口对泥沙的冲液规律，提出喷口冲淤临界速的概念，并据此提出适宜的上升管高度及喷口射流角度。     

Sex‐specific and dose‐response relationships of urinary cobalt and molybdenum levels with glucose levels and insulin resistance in U.S. adults

Growing studies have linked metal exposure to diabetes risk. However, these studies had inconsistent results. We used a multiple linear regression model to investigate the sex-specific and dose-response associations between urinary metals (cobalt (Co) and molybdenum (Mo)) and diabetes-related indicators (fasting plasma glucose (FPG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and insulin) in a cross-sectional study based on the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The urinary metal concentrations of 1423 eligible individuals were stratified on the basis of the quartile distribution. Our results showed that the urinary Co level in males at the fourth quartile (Q4) was strongly correlated with increased FPG (β = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.17–1.04), HbA1c (β = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.09–0.54), insulin (β = 8.18, 95% CI: 2.84–13.52), and HOMA–IR (β = 3.42, 95% CI: 1.40–5.44) when compared with first quartile (Q1). High urinary Mo levels (Q4 vs. Q1) were associated with elevated FPG (β = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.17–0.75) and HbA1c (β = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.11–0.42) in the overall population. Positive linear dose-response associations were observed between urinary Co and insulin (P_nonlinear = 0.513) and HOMA–IR (P_nonlinear = 0.736) in males, as well as a positive linear dose-response relationship between urinary Mo and FPG (P_nonlinear = 0.826) and HbA1c (P_nonlinear = 0.376) in the overall population. Significant sex-specific and dose-response relationships were observed between urinary metals (Co and Mo) and diabetes-related indicators, and the potential mechanisms should be further investigated.     

Acid resistance of methanogenic bacteria in a two-stage anaerobic process treating high concentration methanol Wastewater

In this study, the two-stage upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) system and batch experiments were employed to evaluate the performance of anaerobic digestion for the treatment of high concentration methanol wastewater. The acid resistance of granular sludge and methanogenic bacteria and their metabolizing activity were investigated. The results show that the pH of the first UASB changed from 4.9 to 5.8 and 5.5 to 6.2 for the second reactor. Apparently, these were not the advisable pH levels that common methanogenic bacteria could accept. The methanogenic bacteria of the system, viz. Methanosarcina barkeri, had some acid resistance and could still degrade methanol at pH 5.0. If the methanogenic bacteria were trained further, their acid resistance would be improved somewhat. Granular sludge of the system could protect the methanogenic bacteria within its body against the impact of the acidic environment and make them degrade methanol at pH 4.5. The performance of granular sludge was attributed to its structure, bacteria species, and the distribution of bacterium inside the granule. Translated from Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2004, 24(4): 633–636 [译自: 环境科学学报]     

大型测控设备的接地系统设计与探讨

介绍了接地的目的和种类,针对大型测控设备对接地电阻值的要求,提出了区域面积受限的接地系统设计方案,并对接地电阻进行了详细分析、计算和比较,选出了合理的接地方案进行施工,竣工后对接地系统的接地电阻值进行检测,检测结果满足测控设备接地电阻的要求.     

化学降阻剂在山地环境中的应用研究

把山地环境划分为4种类型,并对各自的特点进行了分析.从导电机理和降阻机理两个方面分析了化学降阻剂的降阻功能,根据不同地质条件讨论了化学降阻剂的合理选择,并对化学降阻剂的应用方法和技术进行了研究,为山区防雷提供一定的参考价值.     

粉煤灰和生石灰对生活污水污泥脱水影响研究

通过比阻和泥饼含水率的测定,进行污泥脱水的粉煤灰(含粗、细)、生石灰投加实验。单独投加实验表明,在投量10g/100mL时,细粉煤灰(0.075mm筛下)能使比阻值降低91.8%,效果稍次于生石灰;且细粉煤灰降低泥饼含水率的效果最好。联合、单独投加对比实验表明,投量10g/100mL时,粉煤灰与生石灰以1∶1(质量比)联合投加降低比阻值达99.8%,效果好于二者单独投加;但联合投加降低泥饼含水率的效果不如单独投加粉煤灰,仅与生石灰的效果相当。     

污染生态学的新发展—污染进化生态学

污染胁迫的最显著效应是消除敏感物种或个体，导致植物居群进化。突变是进化的原料，选择是进化的手段，隔离是进化的条件，控制抗性性状的基因因物种及污染物的种类不同而异，但也会出现植物同时具有对某两种或几种污染物的抗性，即所谓协同抗性；污染除使植物衰退外，还可能导致一些遗传信息丧失，使抗性种群内物种单一，降低其适合度，对其它环境胁迫因素的抵抗力下降，即所谓适应代价。     

热镀锌板表面钝化时的磷化工艺

热镀锌板表面钝化（铬酸盐钝化），主要是为了防止在使用过程中其表面被氧化。由于表面的钝化膜的存在。使得磷化工艺无法进行，从而影响涂装后涂层的附着力（铬酸盐钝化膜不如磷化膜附着性好）和耐蚀性能（铬离子不耐氯离子的腐蚀）。为了提高热镀锌板表面钝化后其表面的涂装性能，开发出一种适合上述条件的磷化工艺。     

真丝绸阻燃整理

综述了真丝绸燃烧性能及其阻燃整理的发展历史，总结了真丝绸的各种阻燃方法及具体工艺并对各种方法阻燃性能的优劣作了评价，归纳了真丝绸阻燃所用阻燃剂的种类及各类阻燃剂的作用机理，并指出目前真丝绸阻燃主要存在的问题以及今后的发展方向。