不同季节中水回用于景观水体的藻类增长模拟

文章基于wASP的富营养化模型,模拟了在各季节中水回用于城市景观水体时,不同水质和换水周期条件下叶绿素a峰值和平衡浓度的变化情况.模拟结果表明:(1)在中水水质和换水周期一定时,水华风险在夏季最大,春秋季次之,冬季最小;(2)在夏季和春秋季节,叶绿素a平衡浓度随着换水周期的减小先升高后降低;并且当换水周期小于3天时,减...     

Spatial and temporal variation of nitrogen exported by runo from sandy agricultural soils

The eutrophication problem has drawn attention to nutrient leaching from agricultural soils, and an understanding of spatial and temporal variability is needed to develop decision-making tools. Thus, eleven sites were selected to monitor, over a two-year period, spatial and temporal variation of runoff discharge and various forms of N in surface runoff in sandy agricultural soils. Factors influencing the variation of runoff discharge and various forms of N in surface runoff were analyzed. Variation of annual rainfall was small among 11 sites, especially between 2001 and 2002. However, variation of annual discharge was significant among the sites. The results suggest that rainfall patterns and land use had significant effect on discharge. The concentrations of total N, total kjeldahl N （TKN）, organic matter-associated N （OM-N）, NO3- -N, and NHn＋-N in the runoff ranged widely from 0.25 to 54.1, 0.15 to 20.3, 0.00 to 14.6, 0.00 to 45.3, and 0.00 to 19.7 mg/L, respectively. Spatial and temporal variations in the N concentration and runoff discharge were noted among the different sites. Annual loads of N in the runoff varied widely among monitoring sites and depend mainly on runoff discharge. High loads of total N, OM-N, NO3--N, and NHn＋-N in the runoff either in citrus groves or on vegetable farms occurred from June to October for each year, which coincided with the rainy season in the region. This study found that N in surface runoff was related to rainfall intensity, soil N level, and fertilizer use.     

冰封期前后河流底泥中溶解性有机物组分的荧光特性的变化

以沈阳市新开河为研究对象,考察了冰封期前、后河流底泥中溶解性有机物(DOM)组分荧光特性的变化.按照DOM在XAD树脂上的吸附特性将其分为5个部分:疏水性有机酸(HPO-A)、疏水性中性有机物(HPO-N)、过渡亲水性有机酸(TPI-A)、过渡亲水性中性有机物(TPI-N)和亲水性有机物(HPI).结果表明:HPO-A是河流底泥中的主要DOM组分,在冰封期前、后分别占溶解性有机碳(DOC)的41.2%~69.5%和38.9%~63.9%.冰封期前河流底泥中的DOM及HPO-A、HPI的DOC值均高于冰封期后.三维荧光光谱结果显示,冰封期前、后河流底泥DOM组分中含有类腐殖酸荧光物质,类富里酸荧光物质,类芳香族蛋白质荧光物质和类溶解性微生物代谢产物荧光物质,并且类芳香族蛋白质荧光物质在各DOM组分中的含量最高.冰封期后HPO-A、HPI中荧光物质的含量低于冰封期前.同步荧光光谱结果显示,在冰封期河流底泥DOM组分中激发波长分别为285~295 nm和330~350 nm的荧光物质向水体释放,导致其在底泥DOM组分中相对含量的显著降低.     

长期施氮和水热条件对夏闲期土壤呼吸的影响

在黄土高原地区,夏季休闲期既是高温多雨期也是土壤微生物强烈活动期.研究该时期土壤呼吸变化与土壤水分、温度和施氮之间关系,有助于深入理解农田生态系统土壤呼吸的时空变异性及其影响因素.本研究以1984年设立在黄土旱塬区长期田间定位试验为平台,选取了5个不同施氮处理（N0、N45、N90、N135和N180）,于2009年夏...     

鄱阳湖多尺度流域磷源输送特征及其生态效应

本文选取鄱阳湖梯级流域内从初级支流到湖区(香溪→架竹河→赣江→鄱阳湖)连通水系线路为研究对象,通过对鄱阳湖流域磷(P)湿沉降及径流过程进行监测,探讨鄱阳湖多尺度流域磷源输送特征及其对浮游植物群落结构的影响.结果表明:①鄱阳湖流域的P浓度呈明显的季节变化,除香溪流域外,其余流域的总磷(TP)、可溶性总磷(DTP)和磷酸根(PO_4~(3-))浓度均为枯水期较高,丰水期较低;丰水期时,TP浓度与硅藻密度存在极显著的相关关系,枯水期时,TP浓度与隐藻有极显著的相关关系.②次降雨过程研究表明:不同降雨强度下TP和PO_4~(3-)的浓度及地表径流通量的大小顺序均为:小雨中雨大雨.③丰水年和枯水年的沉降通量存在显著差异,丰水年约为枯水年的2.8倍,P的输出通量呈明显的季节性变化,丰水期大于枯水期;随流域逐级增大,但P输出贡献率未显著增加,说明逐级支流P输送并不是各级流域P的主要来源.     

葫芦岛市城市生活垃圾成分分析及处置对策

通过对葫芦岛市城市生活垃圾成分调查分析,基本掌握了垃圾物理成分组成、无机物百分比和有毒有害化学物质的含量,提出了对丹东市城市垃圾处置的建议.     

Assessment of methane from agricultural field during the entire paddy cropping seasons – a case study

A systematic effort was made to assess the emission of methane from paddy fields using closed chamber technique. Methane emission measurements were performed over a year during the Kharif (wet season), Rabi (dry season), and fallow periods. Various soil parameters like redox potential, organic carbon and ferrous ion were determined to evaluate their control on methane emissions. Diurnal measurement of the flux showed a minimum (0.44?mg?m^?2?h^?1) in the morning (8?a.m.), which increased gradually to a value of 1.16?mg?m^?2?h^?1 till the evening due to the rise in soil temperature. The seasonally integrated flux (E _SIF) for CH₄ was calculated. The E _SIF for methane during Kharif and Rabi crops were found to be 5.97?g?m^?2 and 2.59?g?m^?2, respectively. It was observed that the methane flux was maximum during flowering and fertilizer application stages for both paddy cropping seasons. The redox potential was low and the ferrous ion was higher during flowering and tiller stages. The methane emission was higher at E _AIF) was calculated for methane to make a budget estimate of methane emission from rice cultivated under rain fed drought prone water regime.     

春季禁渔对常熟江段渔业群落结构及物种多样性影响的初步研究

以2000~2004年4~6月渔业资源动态监测资料为依据,分析研究了3年春季禁渔(2002~2004)对常熟江段渔业资源群落结构及物种多样性的影响。研究结果表明：4~6月间常熟江段出现的鱼、虾、蟹类渔获物共有11目、18科、46种;春禁后,该江段总CPUE（单位捕捞努力渔获量）显著增加;优势种更替不明显,历年以刀鲚、鲻鱼、长春鳊等经济鱼类为主;刀鲚CPUE有所回升,资源衰退受到遏制;小型鱼类、幼鱼在渔获物中的比例明显上升; Margalef物种丰富度指数、Wilhm改进指数呈明显上升趋势,均匀度指数J′、优势度数Dw在窄幅范围波动。春禁对常熟江段渔业资源保护的生态效果较明显,春禁后渔业资源群落种间结构得到一定程度的改善,生物多样性上升。     

三维倾斜摄影技术在尾矿库风险防控上的运用

为提高尾矿库信息化安全管理水平,保障尾矿库安全平稳运行.采用无人机倾斜摄影技术对尾矿库及下游区域进行影像数据采集,创建尾矿库三维图像,并将尾矿库空间三维模型关键数据与企业设计数据进行对比分析,对尾矿库汛期防洪能力进行预测分析.结果表明:该技术能够及时发现尾矿库运行期间存在的隐患,防范化解尾矿库安全风险,提高预测尾矿库汛...     

定量评估气候变化对长江中下游地区植被GPPGS变化的影响

在区域和植被类型尺度上定量厘定气候因子对长江中下游地区生长季植被GPP（GPP_GS）的直接、间接和综合影响,可为全球气候变化背景下区域植被资源管理与恢复提供科学依据.利用MODIS GPP数据、气象数据和植被类型数据,结合Theil-Sen Median趋势分析和Mann-Kendall显著性检验探究长江中下游地区植被GPP_GS时空变化特征,并通过通径分析揭示气候因子对长江中下游地区整体和不同类型植被GPP_GS变化的直接影响、间接影响和综合影响.结果表明：①2000~2021年长江中下游地区植被GPP_GS呈波动上升趋势,上升速率（以C计,下同）为2.70 g·（m²·a）^-1 （P<0.01）.不同类型植被GPP_GS均呈极显著上升趋势（P<0.01）,其中,灌丛上升速率最高,为3.31 g·（m²·a）^-1,栽培植被上升速率最低,为2.54 g·（m²·a）^-1.②长江中下游地区GPP_GS呈上升趋势的面积占比为88.11%.不同类型植被GPP_GS呈上升趋势的面积占比均大于84%.③通径分析结果表明,降水和最高气温对植被GPP_GS的直接影响呈显著正向影响（P<0.05）,而太阳辐射呈不显著正向影响（P≥0.05）.最高气温、降水和太阳辐射对植被GPP_GS的间接影响均呈非显著负向影响（P≥0.05）.在直接影响和间接影响的综合作用下,降水和最高气温对植被GPP_GS呈不显著正向影响（P≥0.05）,而太阳辐射对植被GPP_GS呈不显著负向影响（P≥0.05）;不同植被类型上,降水是影响栽培植被GPP_GS变化的主要气候因子,最高气温是影响针叶林、阔叶林、灌丛和草丛GPP_GS变化的主要气候因子.④长江中下游地区植被GPP_GS变化主要受最高气温、降水和太阳辐射的直接影响,降水的直接影响对植被GPP_GS变化的主导区域占56.72%.研究结果可为量化长江中下游地区植被固碳潜力和全球气候变化背景下制定因地制宜的生态恢复治理政策提供参考.